[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-001":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":6,"subjectSlug":9,"subjectFullName":4,"question":10,"related":42,"lastmod":68},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",null,{"webId":7,"number":8},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-002",2,"psychiatric-community",{"id":11,"webId":12,"year":13,"session":14,"subject":4,"number":14,"stem":15,"scenario":5,"carryOver":5,"options":16,"answer":21,"answerNote":5,"images":22,"explanation":23,"explanationDeep":24,"topics":25,"freq":28,"concepts":38},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-001","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-001",108,1,"世界衛生組織強調對精神病人基本人權的尊重，下列何者正確？",{"A":17,"B":18,"C":19,"D":20},"病人應有權利在社區，而非機構化照顧","全球心理衛生治療的趨勢是從急性醫院轉換為慢性機構療養","精神生物醫學的進步，藥物治療的成效佳，故不需要心理社會的整合性照護","慢性精神病人宜在偏遠地區的療養機構接受治療與安置","A",[],"本題考點是世界衛生組織(WHO)倡議的精神衛生人權原則與去機構化(deinstitutionalization)趨勢。依聯合國《保護精神病患及促進精神衛生照顧原則》與 WHO 心理衛生政策,精神病人享有在限制最少的環境(least restrictive environment)中接受治療的權利,照顧重心應由封閉機構移往社區精神復健,故選 A。B 錯在方向相反,國際趨勢是由慢性機構療養轉向社區與急性短期治療,而非反向;C 錯在忽略生物—心理—社會模式,藥物只能改善症狀,復元仍需心理社會整合性照護與復健;D 錯在把慢性病人安置於偏遠療養機構,等同隔離與標籤化,違反正常化原則與社區融合的人權主張。","去機構化的三根支柱可用「社區化、正常化、最少限制」記憶。歷史脈絡上,1960 年代後抗精神病藥物問世加上人權運動,使長期住院模式受到批判;WHO 之後提出社區心理衛生服務金字塔,由下而上依序為自我照顧、非正式社區照顧、一般醫療中的心理衛生服務、社區心理衛生服務,最上層才是精神專科醫院的長期住院,愈上層應愈少。台灣對應的制度為《精神衛生法》所定的社區照護、康復之家、社區復健中心與居家治療。考點設計上,選項常以「機構」對「社區」、「隔離」對「融合」作二分,只要辨識出哪一個選項把病人推離社區,就是錯項。可連結概念:正常化原則(normalization)、最少限制環境、復元(recovery)導向服務、精神病人的病人自主權與知情同意。",[26,29,32,34,36],{"term":27,"count":28},"去機構化",18,{"term":30,"count":31},"社區精神復健",6,{"term":33,"count":8},"精神病人人權",{"term":35,"count":14},"最少限制環境原則",{"term":37,"count":14},"WHO 心理衛生服務金字塔",[39],{"id":40,"name":41},"psychiatric-rehabilitation","精神復健與社區精神衛生",[43,45,48,53,58,63],{"webId":7,"stem":44,"number":8,"year":13,"session":14},"關於心理防衛機轉（defense mechanism），「把自己無法接受的想法與情緒，推給其他人，認為是別人擁有這樣的想法，而不是他自己。」指的是下列何種心理防衛機轉？",{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":28,"year":13,"session":8},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-018","王先生為躁症病人，情緒高昂、易怒，容易受病友影響而生氣，下列對於王先生活動的安排，何者較適切？",{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":14},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-032","在幼稚園的楊小弟，被老師反應上課時容易分心、注意力不集中、無法乖乖坐好、話多、容易干擾同學聽講，丟三落四、多半無法完成老師的指令，家長表示在家裡也有類似的行為，護理師覺得楊小弟最可能出現的問題是？",32,109,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":14},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-070","為了解勞工使用化學品的危害性，職業衛生護理師應從何處取得相關資訊？",70,110,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":8},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-034","有關社區心理衛生的敘述，下列何者最適當？",34,111,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":8},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-068","根據全民健康保險，有關婦女乳癌篩檢給付規定的敘述，下列何者正確？",68,112,"2026-09-29",1790672290489]