[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":74},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-006":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":8,"subjectSlug":11,"subjectFullName":4,"question":12,"related":46,"lastmod":73},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",{"webId":6,"number":7},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-005",5,{"webId":9,"number":10},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-007",7,"psychiatric-community",{"id":13,"webId":14,"year":15,"session":16,"subject":4,"number":17,"stem":18,"scenario":19,"carryOver":19,"options":20,"answer":25,"answerNote":19,"images":26,"explanation":27,"explanationDeep":28,"topics":29,"freq":32,"concepts":42},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-006","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-006",108,1,6,"「一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草繩」此例子可以運用下列何種理論說明焦慮反應的產生？",null,{"A":21,"B":22,"C":23,"D":24},"心理分析","學習","認知","人際","B",[],"本題考點是各學派對焦慮成因的解釋差異。依學習理論(行為學派),焦慮是制約與類化的結果:被蛇咬的痛苦經驗使蛇成為引發恐懼的制約刺激,再經刺激類化(stimulus generalization)擴及外形相似的草繩,且因每次逃避都使焦慮暫時下降而被增強,恐懼因此持續多年,故選 B。A 心理分析認為焦慮源自本我衝動與超我間的潛意識衝突,重點在早年經驗與防衛機轉,而非外在刺激的連結學習;C 認知理論主張焦慮來自對威脅的誇大評估與認知扭曲,強調的是想法而非制約歷程;D 人際理論(Sullivan)認為焦慮源於重要他人不贊同所引發的不安全感,與題例中的單一創傷刺激連結不同。","這一題其實是古典制約的教科書範例。以 Pavlov 架構拆解:蛇咬的疼痛為非制約刺激(UCS),恐懼為非制約反應(UCR),蛇的形狀成為制約刺激(CS),見到相似物即產生制約反應(CR)。而恐懼之所以不消退,關鍵在操作制約的負增強——逃避行為移除了不適,使逃避本身被強化,個案因此永遠沒有機會經驗到「草繩其實無害」,這就是 Mowrer 的二因子理論。也正因如此,行為治療處理恐懼症採用暴露療法與系統減敏感法,原理是阻斷逃避、讓消弱(extinction)得以發生,再配合交互抑制(reciprocal inhibition)以放鬆對抗焦慮。可延伸複習:類化與辨別、系統減敏感法的三步驟(放鬆訓練、建立焦慮階層、逐級配對)、洪水法與嫌惡療法。",[30,33,36,38,40],{"term":31,"count":32},"學習理論",4,{"term":34,"count":35},"古典制約",2,{"term":37,"count":16},"刺激類化",{"term":39,"count":16},"負增強與逃避行為",{"term":41,"count":16},"Mowrer 二因子理論",[43],{"id":44,"name":45},"behavior-therapy","行為治療",[47,49,53,58,63,68],{"webId":9,"stem":48,"number":10,"year":15,"session":16},"何先生因準備進行電氣痙攣療法（electroconvulsive therapy, ECT）而顯焦慮，護理師和其討論並提供相關護理指導，下列何者正確？①治療後有暫時的記憶力喪失　②治療前要先拿下活動假牙　③治療前會給予注射 Demerol 藥物　④治療清醒後可照常參與病房活動",{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":15,"session":35},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-023","有關思覺失調症生物的成因，主要為下列何者？",23,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":16},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-037","戴先生自精神科病房出院後，原計畫由醫師轉介居家治療，但病人不願接受居家治療。此情境下，戴先生最適合下列那種精神醫療服務？",37,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":16},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-075","目前長期照顧十年計畫 2.0 中有關失智症照顧服務，下列敘述何者不適當？",75,110,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":35},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-039","護理人員與精神病人會談時，常用的治療技巧，下列何者正確？①全神貫注地傾聽 ②儘量不要使用「為什麼」的問句 ③運用面質技巧盡速建立護病關係 ④運用澄清的技巧了解病人的想法",39,111,{"webId":69,"stem":70,"number":71,"year":72,"session":35},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-073","有關長期照顧十年計畫 2.0 社區整體照護模式之 C 據點功能，下列何項錯誤？",73,112,"2026-09-29",1790672290543]