[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":74},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-009":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":8,"subjectSlug":11,"subjectFullName":4,"question":12,"related":45,"lastmod":73},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",{"webId":6,"number":7},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-008",8,{"webId":9,"number":10},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-010",10,"psychiatric-community",{"id":13,"webId":14,"year":15,"session":16,"subject":4,"number":17,"stem":18,"scenario":19,"carryOver":19,"options":20,"answer":25,"answerNote":19,"images":26,"explanation":27,"explanationDeep":28,"topics":29,"freq":32,"concepts":41},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-009","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-009",108,1,9,"周護理師為避免影響到病房的安寧，會去遏止正在嬉鬧的兩位病友，當病友安靜後會獲得護理師的稱讚，有關行為治療的原則中對周護理師的護理行為敘述，下列何者正確？",null,{"A":21,"B":22,"C":23,"D":24},"正向增強","負向增強","相互抑制","連鎖策略","A",[],"本題考點是行為治療中增強類型的判別。依操作制約原理,正向增強是在目標行為出現後給予愉悅的刺激,以提高該行為再出現的機率。題幹中病友安靜(目標行為)之後,護理師給予稱讚(給予愉悅刺激),符合正向增強的定義,故選 A。B 負向增強是在行為出現後移除嫌惡刺激而使行為增加,如安靜後解除某項限制,重點在「拿走討厭的東西」而非給予讚美;C 相互抑制是以一種與焦慮不相容的反應(如肌肉放鬆)去抑制焦慮反應,屬系統減敏感法的原理,與增強無關;D 連鎖策略是把複雜行為拆解成連續步驟依序訓練,屬技巧建立的教學法,並非行為後果的操弄。","增強與處罰的四格表是這類題目的萬用工具:依「給予或移除」乘上「愉悅或嫌惡」分為四類——給予愉悅是正增強,移除嫌惡是負增強,兩者都使行為增加;給予嫌惡是正處罰,移除愉悅(如取消代幣、暫時隔離 time-out)是負處罰,兩者都使行為減少。判斷口訣是「正負看給或拿,增強處罰看行為變多變少」。臨床應用上,精神科病房常用代幣制度(token economy)系統化實施正向增強,原則是增強物要有個別意義、行為標準要具體可觀察、增強要即時,並逐步由連續增強轉為間歇增強以維持行為。可連結概念:塑造(shaping)、消弱、行為改變技術的目標設定、代幣制度的倫理界線。",[30,33,36,38,39],{"term":31,"count":32},"操作制約",6,{"term":34,"count":35},"代幣制度",5,{"term":21,"count":37},3,{"term":22,"count":37},{"term":40,"count":16},"交互抑制 reciprocal inhibition",[42],{"id":43,"name":44},"behavior-therapy","行為治療",[46,48,53,58,63,68],{"webId":9,"stem":47,"number":10,"year":15,"session":16},"李先生因思覺失調症而住院治療 2 週，每次母親來訪就吵著要回家，致使母親生氣地說：「再吵就不來看你了！」使得李先生擔心母親不要他了，而反覆至護理站詢問。護理師提供有關家庭互動之護理措施，下列何者正確？①利用症狀作處理　②適當支持和教導　③著重現在情境的互動　④採用家屬的方法",{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":15,"session":52},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-026","朱小姐，一位住院的精神病人，22 歲，護生實習照顧她已三週，護理師觀察到朱小姐與護生互動良好，且都能在護生陪同下配合病房活動，但每天約下午 3 點多護生與護理師交班時，朱小姐會出現焦慮，害怕的情形，而頻頻要求入保護室，請問下列那一項可列入照護計畫中？",26,2,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":16},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-040","王太太有憂鬱症，經常向家人表示：「我會拖累你們，病又不會好，我活著沒什麼意思，真想死了!」，依自殺行為程度分級，最屬於下列何者？",40,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":16},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-078","下列何者屬於低升糖指數（glycemic index）食物？①小麥片 ②全麥麵包 ③山藥 ④地瓜 ⑤糙米飯 ⑥南瓜",78,110,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":52},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-042","依據傳染病致病三角模式，若要提升宿主的抵抗力，下列敘述何者最適當？①離開醫院要洗手 ②注射疫苗 ③攝取均衡飲食 ④保持規律運動 ⑤手部噴酒精",42,111,{"webId":69,"stem":70,"number":71,"year":72,"session":52},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-076","承上題，若陳先生無法獨自進行沐浴及上下床，且陳太太年長衰弱，為協助陳太太照顧個案，下列那一項長期照顧資源服務最適當？",76,112,"2026-09-29",1790672290593]