[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":75},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-029":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":8,"subjectSlug":11,"subjectFullName":4,"question":12,"related":46,"lastmod":74},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",{"webId":6,"number":7},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-028",28,{"webId":9,"number":10},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-030",30,"psychiatric-community",{"id":13,"webId":14,"year":15,"session":16,"subject":4,"number":17,"stem":18,"scenario":19,"carryOver":19,"options":20,"answer":25,"answerNote":19,"images":26,"explanation":27,"explanationDeep":28,"topics":29,"freq":32,"concepts":42},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-029","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-029",108,1,29,"有關 Methylphenidate（Ritalin）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",null,{"A":21,"B":22,"C":23,"D":24},"改善病童的過動與衝動","容易有食慾不振的問題","最適合的服藥時間是傍晚至夜間","可以在寒暑假或放假時暫停服藥","C",[],"本題考點是 Methylphenidate（Ritalin）的藥理特性與給藥時間安排，屬「找出錯誤敘述」題型。依中樞神經興奮劑的作用機轉，Methylphenidate 阻斷突觸前多巴胺與正腎上腺素再回收，提升前額葉神經傳導以改善注意力不足過動症的注意力不集中、過動與衝動，因其興奮作用會干擾入睡，服藥時間應安排在早晨與中午，最後一劑通常不晚於下午，故 C「最適合的服藥時間是傍晚至夜間」為錯誤敘述，即本題答案。A 改善過動與衝動正是其治療適應症，敘述正確。B 食慾不振為其最常見副作用之一，並可能影響生長曲線，敘述正確。D 於寒暑假或假日安排藥物假期（drug holiday）以觀察成長與減少副作用，是臨床可行的作法，敘述正確。","Methylphenidate 的副作用可用「睡不著、吃不下、長不高、心跳快、頭會痛」串記：失眠、食慾抑制、生長速率暫時減緩（需定期量身高體重並繪生長曲線）、心跳血壓略升（有心臟結構異常者需先評估）、頭痛與腹痛。青少年另需注意情緒不穩與極少見的抽動（tic）加重。\n\n劑型是給藥時間的關鍵：短效劑型作用約 3–4 小時，故一日需早、午兩劑；長效控釋劑型（如 OROS 劑型）單次早上服用可維持約 8–12 小時，正因如此，「傍晚至夜間服用」在任何劑型下都與失眠風險相衝突。\n\n藥物假期的邏輯：ADHD 的治療目標與功能需求高度相關，學期中需維持課堂專注，假期中課業需求下降，暫停用藥可讓食慾與生長獲得補償——但是否施行須依個案在假期中的行為與人際功能而定，並非一律適用，這也是 D 敘述用「可以」而非「必須」的原因。\n\n可延伸複習：ADHD 的 DSM 診斷準則（症狀需於 12 歲前出現、跨兩個以上情境、持續 6 個月）、非興奮劑用藥 Atomoxetine（正腎上腺素再回收抑制劑，起效較慢但無成癮性）、行為治療與親職訓練的合併應用。",[30,33,36,38,40],{"term":31,"count":32},"中樞神經興奮劑",4,{"term":34,"count":35},"注意力不足過動症(ADHD)",2,{"term":37,"count":35},"藥物假期",{"term":39,"count":16},"Methylphenidate(Ritalin)",{"term":41,"count":16},"食慾抑制副作用",[43],{"id":44,"name":45},"child-adolescent-disorders","兒童青少年精神疾患",[47,49,53,58,63,68],{"webId":9,"stem":48,"number":10,"year":15,"session":16},"對於失智症病人的護理措施，下列何者正確？",{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":15,"session":35},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-046","張護理師想要開立 49 床一般護理之家，下列那一個聘用照護人力方式，能夠符合法規最低人力規範？",46,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":16},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-060","依據 Pender 健康促進模式，護理師引導李小姐審思維持目前久坐少動行為問題的價值，因而有改變行為的想法，與其設定可達成但具挑戰性的目標，鼓勵持續參與運動社團及少坐多動，也鼓勵李小姐記錄運動和少坐的頻率與運動和少坐帶來的好處之關聯，並給予正向回饋，讓李小姐由成功的經驗，增強信心與動機。以上敘述運用到那些行為改變策略？①自我再評估 ②設定改變的目標 ③處理障礙因子 ④提升自我效能 ⑤強化改變的效益 ⑥訂定契約",60,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":35},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-018","有關躁症病人住院期間的活動安排，下列何項措施最適當？",18,110,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":35},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-062","有關傳染病與其病媒的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",62,111,{"webId":69,"stem":70,"number":71,"year":72,"session":73},"nurse-112-3-psychiatric-community-016","李同學，18 歲，第一次被診斷為第一型雙相情緒障礙症，護理師向李同學及家屬進行護理指導時，下列何者最適宜？",16,112,3,"2026-09-29",1790672290854]