[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":74},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-042":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":8,"subjectSlug":11,"subjectFullName":4,"question":12,"related":45,"lastmod":73},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",{"webId":6,"number":7},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-041",41,{"webId":9,"number":10},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-043",43,"psychiatric-community",{"id":13,"webId":14,"year":15,"session":16,"subject":4,"number":17,"stem":18,"scenario":19,"carryOver":19,"options":20,"answer":25,"answerNote":19,"images":26,"explanation":27,"explanationDeep":28,"topics":29,"freq":32,"concepts":41},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-042","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-042",108,1,42,"我國全民健康保險採全民強制納保制度，可能導致被保險者傾向過度使用醫療服務所造成的問題稱為下列何者？",null,{"A":21,"B":22,"C":23,"D":24},"逆選擇（adverse selection）","道德危害（moral hazard）","權益危害（right hazard）","自由選擇（free option）","B",[],"本題考點是健康保險經濟學中的兩大資訊不對稱問題。依道德危害（moral hazard）的定義，當被保險人投保後自付價格下降，因不必承擔全部醫療成本而增加就醫次數或使用非必要服務，即為保險造成的行為改變，我國全民健保強制納保加上就醫可近性高，正屬此現象，選 B。（A）逆選擇是「投保前」的問題，指高風險者較傾向投保、低風險者退出，而我國採全民強制納保正是為了避免逆選擇。（C）權益危害並非健康保險經濟學的正式名詞。（D）自由選擇不是問題現象，且與強制納保的制度設計相互矛盾。","把兩個名詞用「時間點」切開最不會混：逆選擇發生在「簽約前」（誰來投保），道德危害發生在「簽約後」（投保了怎麼用）。逆選擇的資訊不對稱在民眾端（自己知道健康風險、保險人不知道）；道德危害則是行為誘因問題（第三方付費 third-party payment 使邊際價格趨近於零）。\n\n制度對策也可對照記：對抗逆選擇 → 強制納保、不得拒保、社會保險費率與所得連動；對抗道德危害 → 部分負擔（copayment）、轉診制度、總額支付制度（global budget）、Tw-DRGs 論病例計酬、家庭醫師整合照護計畫。我國健保部分負擔逐步調整（門診、急診、藥品、檢驗）正是教科書標準的道德危害抑制工具，考題常反過來問「部分負擔的主要目的為何」，答案即為抑制道德危害。\n\n延伸複習：供給面也有道德危害（醫療提供者誘發需求 supplier-induced demand），支付制度由論量計酬改為論質、論病例計酬即為因應；此概念常與健保財務三大來源、費基費率一併出題。",[30,33,35,37,39],{"term":31,"count":32},"道德危害 moral hazard",2,{"term":34,"count":32},"部分負擔",{"term":36,"count":16},"逆選擇 adverse selection",{"term":38,"count":16},"全民健康保險強制納保",{"term":40,"count":16},"第三方付費",[42],{"id":43,"name":44},"national-health-insurance","全民健康保險",[46,48,52,57,62,67],{"webId":9,"stem":47,"number":10,"year":15,"session":16},"為服務轄區之失智長者，下列何種指標最適合作為規劃社區關懷據點數目的依據？",{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":15,"session":32},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-059","衛生福利部中央健康保險署 2015 年決議二代健保的描述，下列何者錯誤？",59,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":16},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-073","下列何者不是學校護理師收集學生視力不良資料之主要目的？",73,109,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":32},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-031","針對阿茲海默氏症引起重度認知障礙症的敘述，下列何者最適當？",31,110,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":32},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-075","承上題，林太太所需的支持性服務，下列何者最不適當？",75,111,{"webId":68,"stem":69,"number":70,"year":71,"session":72},"nurse-112-3-psychiatric-community-029","有關新生兒死亡率之敘述，下列何者正確？",29,112,3,"2026-09-29",1790672291028]