[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":70},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-064":3},{"subject":4,"prev":5,"next":8,"subjectSlug":11,"subjectFullName":4,"question":12,"related":43,"lastmod":69},"精神科與社區衛生護理學",{"webId":6,"number":7},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-063",63,{"webId":9,"number":10},"nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-065",65,"psychiatric-community",{"id":13,"webId":14,"year":15,"session":16,"subject":4,"number":17,"stem":18,"scenario":19,"carryOver":19,"options":20,"answer":25,"answerNote":19,"images":26,"explanation":27,"explanationDeep":28,"topics":29,"freq":32,"concepts":39},"nurse-108-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-064","nurse-108-1-psychiatric-community-064",108,1,64,"有關健康促進介入措施之敘述，下列何者正確？",null,{"A":21,"B":22,"C":23,"D":24},"社區賦權主要是一種由上而下的策略，可以透過協助民眾發現問題，進而加以解決","國家所推動的騎機車戴安全帽是屬於社區賦權策略","正向健康行為可以透過健康政策、支持性環境與教育活動來達成","社會改變是由下而上的改變策略，適用於人數較多的情境","C",[],"本題考點是健康促進三大介入策略——健康教育、社區賦權、社會改變(健康公共政策)——的方向與歸類,判別軸是由誰發動。C 敘述正向健康行為可透過健康政策、支持性環境與教育活動達成,對應渥太華憲章的訂定健康公共政策、創造支持性環境與發展個人技能,三層次並行才促成行為改變,故選 C。A 錯在方向:社區賦權是由下而上,由居民自行界定問題、動員在地資源。B 錯在歸類:強制戴安全帽是國家立法,發動者為政府,屬由上而下的社會改變。D 錯在方向:社會改變靠立法與政策推動,是由上而下;其「適用於人數較多的情境」本身並無誤,唯一錯處在方向。","【三大策略對比表】\n・健康教育:發動者為專業人員;工具是知識傳遞與技能演練;涵蓋人口小至中;效果取決於個人意願;改變最慢但最貼近個別需求。\n・社區賦權:發動者為社區居民本身(由下而上);工具是組織動員、需求評估、在地決策與資源盤點;涵蓋人口為一個社區;強調過程中的能力建構,永續性最高;專業人員的角色是催化者(facilitator)而非指導者。\n・社會改變\u002F健康公共政策:發動者為政府或立法機關(由上而下);工具是法規、稅捐、環境與制度設計(菸品健康捐、室內禁菸、安全帽與安全帶強制、飲水加氟、食品標示);涵蓋人口最廣、見效最快,但不必然改變個人態度,且可能引發反彈。\n判別口訣:「政府下令=由上而下;居民自組=由下而上」。看到「國家推動」「立法」「強制」就往社會改變靠,看到「協助民眾發現問題、自行解決」就往社區賦權靠。\n\n【渥太華憲章五大行動綱領】訂定健康的公共政策、創造支持性環境、強化社區行動、發展個人技能、調整健康服務取向。口訣「政策、環境、社區、技能、服務」。本題 C 選項等於把其中三項壓縮在一句話裡,是典型的正解句型——同時提到政策層、環境層與個人層而不偏廢,通常就是健康促進題的答案。\n\n【延伸連結】健康促進與疾病預防的差別:健康促進針對的是全體人口的健康潛能提升(往正向健康移動),疾病預防針對的是特定疾病的發生風險(避免往疾病移動);Pender 健康促進模式關注認知知覺因素(自覺利益、自覺障礙、自我效能)與情境影響;生態學模式則把介入分為個人、人際、組織、社區、政策五層,與上表的三大策略可互相對照。",[30,33,35,37],{"term":31,"count":32},"社區賦權",4,{"term":34,"count":16},"健康促進三大介入策略",{"term":36,"count":16},"社會改變與健康公共政策",{"term":38,"count":16},"渥太華憲章五大行動綱領",[40],{"id":41,"name":42},"health-promotion","健康促進與渥太華憲章",[44,46,50,55,60,65],{"webId":9,"stem":45,"number":10,"year":15,"session":16},"學校提供足夠的飲水機，以利推動多喝白開水活動，此策略是屬於健康促進的何種策略？",{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":16,"year":49,"session":16},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-001","澎湖縣的王先生為拒絕住院之嚴重病人，需緊急安置強制住院，依據現行精神衛生法得經由下列何者鑑定最為合適？",109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":49,"session":54},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-015","對憂鬱症的敘述，下列何者正確？",15,2,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":54},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-053","有關護理師運用社區資源的敘述，下列何者不適當？",53,110,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":16},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-017","陳先生，診斷為雙相情緒障礙症，住院期間不斷投書給院長，對病房設施提出許多建議。下列何項護理措施最適宜？",17,112,{"webId":66,"stem":67,"number":16,"year":68,"session":16},"nurse-113-1-psychiatric-community-001","有關情感轉移（transference）的敘述，下列何者正確？",113,"2026-09-29",1790672291297]