[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-001":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-001","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-001",115,1,"下列何種蛋白質屬於初級主動運輸子（active transporter）？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"鈣通道","鈣依賴性鉀通道","鈉鈣交換子","鈣幫浦","D",null,[],"本題考點在於區分初級主動運輸與次級主動運輸。依主動運輸的定義,初級主動運輸子本身即具 ATP 水解酶活性,直接以 ATP 供能把離子逆濃度梯度推送,鈣幫浦(Ca-ATPase)正屬此類,故選 D。A 鈣通道屬通道蛋白,離子僅順電化學梯度被動擴散,不消耗 ATP。B 鈣依賴性鉀通道同樣是通道,只是開關受細胞內鈣濃度調控,本質仍為被動運輸。C 鈉鈣交換子雖把鈣逆梯度送出細胞,但能量來自既存的鈉離子濃度梯度,而該梯度由鈉鉀幫浦耗 ATP 建立,因此屬次級主動運輸而非初級。","分類口訣:直接吃 ATP 的叫幫浦(pump),借別人梯度搭便車的叫交換子或共同運輸子(exchanger \u002F cotransporter),完全不耗能只開門的叫通道(channel)。鈣幫浦有兩大家族:細胞膜上的 PMCA 與肌內質網上的 SERCA,後者在心肌與骨骼肌負責把鈣回收進肌漿網以終止收縮,是強心配醣體與鈣離子動力學題目的共同基礎。鈉鈣交換子(NCX)在心肌以 3 個鈉換 1 個鈣,毛地黃類藥物抑制鈉鉀幫浦後細胞內鈉升高、NCX 排鈣效率下降,細胞內鈣上升而增強收縮力,正是次級主動運輸依附鈉梯度的經典證據。延伸可連結鈉鉀幫浦(3Na 出、2K 進)、氫鉀 ATPase(胃酸分泌與質子幫浦抑制劑)、葡萄糖鈉共同運輸體 SGLT。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"次級主動運輸",4,{"term":28,"count":29},"初級主動運輸",2,{"term":31,"count":29},"離子通道",{"term":33,"count":11},"鈣幫浦(Ca-ATPase)",{"term":16,"count":11},[36,39,43,48,53,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":29,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-002","手舉起椅子一動也不動地罰站，此時維持靜止且正在施力的上臂肌肉之收縮型態為下列何者？",{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":29},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-048","有關於白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）之敘述，下列何者最不適當？",48,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-012","下列何者分別與食道及十二指腸相接？",12,106,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-050","Clozapine 比典型抗精神病藥產生較少的中樞副作用（錐體外症狀, extrapyramidal syndromes），其原因為何？",50,107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-014","下列何者不是常見的神經傳導物質（neurotransmitter）？",14,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":42,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-048","關於正常骨折癒合的過程，下列那一個順序是正確的？",110,"2026-08-06",1787299087456]