[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-002":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-002","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-002",115,1,2,"手舉起椅子一動也不動地罰站，此時維持靜止且正在施力的上臂肌肉之收縮型態為下列何者？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"向心收縮（concentric contraction）","離心收縮（eccentric contraction）","等張收縮（isotonic contraction）","等長收縮（isometric contraction）","D",null,[],"本題考點在於依肌肉長度與張力的變化區分收縮型態。等長收縮的定義是肌肉產生張力但長度與關節角度不變,舉著椅子罰站時上臂持續施力卻靜止不動,肌肉張力與外加負荷達成平衡而無位移,故選 D。A 向心收縮指肌肉一邊產生張力一邊縮短,例如把椅子往上舉起的過程。B 離心收縮指肌肉在張力下被拉長,例如緩慢放下椅子時肱二頭肌的表現。C 等張收縮是張力大致固定而長度改變的收縮,必然伴隨關節活動與位移,與題幹「一動也不動」的條件不符。","以字根記最快:iso 是相同,metric 是長度,tonic 是張力。等長(isometric)= 長度不變、張力變;等張(isotonic)= 張力不變、長度變;而等張又依縮短或拉長分成向心與離心。生理上等長收縮期間肌肉外部長度不變,但肌小節仍有滑動——肌絲相對移動被串聯的彈性成分(肌腱、肌聯蛋白)吸收,所以肌纖維內部其實在做功卻無外功輸出,能量全轉為熱,這是罰站時肌肉發熱易疲勞的原因。離心收縮能產生最大張力卻最容易造成延遲性肌肉痠痛,常與肌肉損傷題目一起考。延伸可連結長度張力關係曲線、肌小節最適長度、Frank-Starling 定律在心肌的類比。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"等長收縮",{"term":28,"count":11},"等張收縮",{"term":30,"count":11},"向心收縮",{"term":32,"count":11},"離心收縮",{"term":34,"count":11},"長度張力關係",[36,40,44,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-003","當一個人正在思考如何解決問題時，大腦那一區域活性最高？",3,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":12},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-049","下列那一肝炎病毒其遺傳物質為 RNA 且臺灣具有市售疫苗可以預防感染？",49,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":12},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-013","下列那兩種皆屬於腹膜後器官？",13,106,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":12},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-051","下列何者擬腎上腺素（sympathomimetic）藥物不具有 β 2 受體選擇性？",51,107,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-015","下列何者為副交感神經節？",15,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":43,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-049","國產藥物與外國原廠的藥物，口服後之時間-血中濃度曲線下之面積相同時，表示此兩種藥物具有何種相同性質？",110,"2026-08-06",1787299087461]