[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-010":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-010","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-010",115,1,10,"負責消化道運動功能之主要結構組織層為下列何者？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"黏膜層（mucosa）","黏膜肌肉層（muscularis mucosa）","外肌肉層（muscularis externa）","漿膜層（serosa）","C",null,[],"本題考點在於消化道管壁四層結構的功能分工。依組織學分層,外肌肉層由內環走肌與外縱走肌組成,兩層之間夾有腸肌神經叢,負責蠕動與分節運動,是推進與混合食團的主要動力來源,故選 C。A 黏膜層以上皮與固有層為主,職責在分泌與吸收,並構成免疫屏障。B 黏膜肌肉層僅為薄薄一層平滑肌,收縮時造成局部黏膜皺褶擺動以增加接觸面積,力量不足以推進管內容物。D 漿膜層屬結締組織外覆單層扁平上皮的構造,提供潤滑與固定,本身不具收縮功能。","由內而外四層:黏膜層、黏膜下層、外肌肉層、漿膜或外膜。兩個神經叢的位置與分工是常考點:黏膜下神經叢(Meissner)在黏膜下層,調控分泌與局部血流;腸肌神經叢(Auerbach)夾在外肌肉層的環走肌與縱走肌之間,調控運動——記法是「叢在哪層就管那層的事」。臨床對照最經典的是先天性巨結腸症,神經冠細胞遷移失敗導致遠端腸段缺乏腸肌神經叢的神經節細胞,該段持續收縮不放鬆,近端因而擴張。食道上段與胃另有例外:食道上三分之一為骨骼肌可隨意控制,胃多出斜走肌以強化攪拌。延伸概念:蠕動反射、分節運動、胃腸道慢波與間質卡氏細胞。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"蠕動與分節運動",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"消化道四層結構",{"term":31,"count":11},"外肌肉層",{"term":33,"count":11},"腸肌神經叢",{"term":35,"count":11},"黏膜肌肉層",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-011","下列那兩種內分泌器官，其主體是由神經組織以及腺體組織共同發育組合形成？",11,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-007","下列何者走在心臟左邊的冠狀溝（coronary sulcus）中？",7,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-021","動作電位過極化時：",21,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-059","下列何種藥物可作為制酸劑（antacids），但容易造成腹瀉的副作用？",59,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-023","人體甲狀腺激素（thyroid hormone）分泌不足時，最可能出現下列何種症狀？",23,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-057","下列何種安眠藥物被濫用的可能性較低，而未被列為管制藥品？",57,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087550]