[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-011","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-011",115,1,11,"下列那兩種內分泌器官，其主體是由神經組織以及腺體組織共同發育組合形成？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腦下腺（pituitary gland）與甲狀腺（thyroid gland）","甲狀腺（thyroid gland）與胰臟（pancreas）","胰臟（pancreas）與腎上腺（adrenal gland）","腎上腺（adrenal gland）與腦下腺（pituitary gland）","D",null,[],"本題考點是內分泌腺體的胚胎發生來源。腦下腺前葉來自口腔外胚層向上外突的 Rathke 囊,後葉則由間腦底部向下延伸的神經外胚層形成;腎上腺皮質源自中胚層的體腔上皮,髓質由神經嵴細胞遷移而來,其嗜鉻細胞相當於變形的節後交感神經元。兩者的主體都由腺體組織與神經組織共同組成,故選 D。甲狀腺由咽底內胚層的甲狀腺憩室下降形成,全屬腺體上皮而不含神經組織成分,故 A、B 錯。胰臟由前腸內胚層的背側與腹側胰芽癒合而成,內分泌的胰島與外分泌腺泡同屬內胚層,並無神經組織參與主體構成,故 C 亦錯。","把兩個腺體的「合成」與「釋放」分開記,才不會記錯。腦下腺前葉屬腺垂體,自行合成生長激素、促甲狀腺素、ACTH 等;後葉屬神經垂體,是下視丘視上核與室旁核神經元軸突末梢的儲存與釋放場所,抗利尿激素與催產素在下視丘胞體合成後沿軸突運送而來,後葉本身不合成激素。腎上腺則相反:皮質來自中胚層,由外而內為球狀帶分泌醛固酮、束狀帶分泌皮質醇、網狀帶分泌雄性素;髓質來自神經嵴,嗜鉻細胞本身就會以酪胺酸為原料,經多巴、多巴胺、正腎上腺素合成腎上腺素並儲存於分泌顆粒,節前交感神經釋放乙醯膽鹼作用於菸鹼受體只是觸發「釋放」,並非代替它合成。調控軸同樣要分開:束狀帶與網狀帶受下視丘—腦下腺—腎上腺軸的 ACTH 調控,球狀帶的醛固酮主要由腎素—血管收縮素—醛固酮系統與血鉀濃度調節,ACTH 的影響甚微。對比口訣:「後葉只存不合成,髓質自己合成、等神經下令才放」。延伸可連結神經嵴衍生的嗜鉻細胞瘤,以及腦下腺後葉受損造成的尿崩症。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"胚胎發生學外胚層與中胚層來源",{"term":28,"count":11},"Rathke 囊與神經垂體",{"term":30,"count":11},"神經嵴與嗜鉻細胞",{"term":32,"count":11},"腎上腺皮質三帶分泌",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-012","下列何者不具上皮組織？",12,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-008","次級卵母細胞於何時完成第二次減數分裂？",8,106,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-022","某人出現咀嚼困難、臉頰喪失觸覺等症狀。此人最可能受損的腦神經是：",22,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":47},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-060","下列醛固酮（aldosterone）的拮抗劑中，何者可作為降血壓藥物，但不抑制睪丸酮（testosterone）之合成？",60,107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-024","在排卵後一天，與排卵日相比，下列何種激素在血中的濃度不會下降？",24,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-058","Alteplase 主要用於治療急性缺血性中風、心肌梗塞、肺栓塞、深部靜脈栓塞，其藥理作用機轉為何？",58,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087553]