[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-018","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-018",115,1,18,"下列那一結構可增加小腸內表面積，提高吸收效率？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"微絨毛（microvilli）","平滑肌（smooth muscle）","纖毛（cilia）","杯狀細胞（goblet cell）","A",null,[],"本題考點在於小腸增加吸收面積的構造層級。依消化道吸收面積的三層放大機制——環狀皺褶、絨毛、微絨毛,微絨毛是腸上皮細胞頂端密布的細小突起,構成刷狀緣並嵌有雙醣酶等膜結合消化酵素,把表面積再放大約二十倍,故選 A。B 平滑肌負責蠕動與分節運動,推進並混合食團,並不增加吸收面積。C 纖毛存在於呼吸道與輸卵管上皮,小腸吸收細胞不具纖毛。D 杯狀細胞分泌黏液以潤滑並保護黏膜,屬分泌功能,與吸收面積的放大無關。","三層放大機制的量級可一併記:環狀皺褶約三倍、絨毛約十倍、微絨毛約二十倍,合計使小腸吸收面積放大數百倍,達到網球場等級。層級歸屬也要分清:環狀皺褶是黏膜層加黏膜下層向管腔突起(肉眼可見)、絨毛是黏膜層的指狀突起(內含微血管與淋巴乳管)、微絨毛是單一細胞的胞器層級結構。刷狀緣酵素包含乳糖酶、麥芽糖酶與蔗糖酶,乳糖酶缺乏即造成乳糖不耐;絨毛萎縮則見於麩質過敏腸病與嚴重腸炎,兩者都以吸收不良與腹瀉表現。延伸概念:絨毛內乳管與脂肪吸收路徑、鈉葡萄糖共同運輸體與口服補液鹽的設計原理。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"小腸絨毛",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"微絨毛與刷狀緣",{"term":31,"count":11},"環狀皺褶",{"term":33,"count":11},"杯狀細胞",{"term":35,"count":11},"吸收面積放大機制",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-019","下列何者不具有味蕾？",19,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-015","室間孔連通下列何者？",15,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-029","對於直接調控腎臟皮質集尿管（collecting duct）上皮細胞對水的通透性，下列何者能力最強？",29,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-067","個體受到細菌感染時，下列何種細胞最早聚集在感染部位？",67,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-031","下列何者是人體細胞外液最重要的緩衝系統？",31,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-065","下列何者存在於動物細胞，而不存在於細菌？",65,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087637]