[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-024":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-024","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-024",115,1,24,"有關流行性感冒病毒（influenza virus），下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"流行性感冒病毒是一種 DNA 病毒","流行性感冒病毒中最易引起大流行（pandemic）及地區流行（epidemic）的是 type B","流行性感冒病毒發生抗原移型（antigenic shift）是大流行（pandemic）發生的主要原因","決定流行性感冒病毒亞型的是病毒表面的血球凝集素（hemagglutinin）及病毒的核蛋白（nucleoprotein）","C",null,[],"本題考點在於流感病毒的核酸性質、分型依據與大流行成因。依病毒學,抗原移型指不同亞型病毒共同感染同一宿主時發生基因重組,產生人群幾乎沒有既有免疫力的全新表面抗原,是全球大流行的主因,故 C 正確。A 錯在核酸,流感病毒屬分節段的單股負向 RNA 病毒,並非 DNA 病毒。B 錯在型別,造成大流行與地區流行的主要是 A 型,B 型多為局部流行且變異幅度較小。D 錯在分型依據,亞型依表面血球凝集素與神經胺酸酶命名,核蛋白只用於區分 A、B、C 型。","兩種變異務必分清:抗原漂移(antigenic drift)是 RNA 聚合酶缺乏校對而累積點突變,幅度小、年年發生,造成季節性流行,也是疫苗必須每年重新配方的原因;抗原移型(antigenic shift)是分節段基因體在混合感染時整段互換(常經豬或禽為中間宿主),幅度大、間隔數年至數十年,產生 H1N1、H2N2、H3N2 這類新亞型而引發大流行。命名讀法:H 代表血球凝集素,負責與宿主細胞唾液酸受體結合並促進膜融合;N 代表神經胺酸酶,負責切開唾液酸讓新病毒釋出——這正是神經胺酸酶抑制劑(oseltamivir、zanamivir)的作用點,也解釋為何抗病毒藥須及早使用才有意義。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"抗原移型",{"term":28,"count":11},"抗原漂移",{"term":30,"count":11},"分節段負向單股 RNA 病毒",{"term":32,"count":11},"血球凝集素與神經胺酸酶",{"term":34,"count":11},"流感病毒型別",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-025","急性心肌梗塞最常見且重要的病因為何？",25,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-021","下列何者並不屬於自主神經系統之神經節？",21,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":49},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-035","肺循環血栓栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism）主要是塞在何部位？",35,2,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":49},"nurse-107-2-basic-medicine-073","下列何種細菌較容易引起抗生素相關腹瀉（antibiotic-associated diarrhea）？",73,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-037","下列那一種肝炎病毒主要是經口傳染的？",37,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-071","下列何種病毒主要由齧齒類動物為媒介傳播至人？",71,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087711]