[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-033","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-033",115,1,33,"藥物動力學（pharmacokinetics）探究藥物的範疇，不包括下列那一項？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"藥物的作用機制","藥物的排泄","藥物在體內的分布","藥物在體內的代謝","A",null,[],"本題考點是藥物動力學與藥效學的範疇劃分。藥物動力學研究的是「身體對藥物做了什麼」，內容即吸收、分布、代謝、排泄四大歷程，決定藥物在體內的濃度隨時間變化，因此排泄、分布、代謝三者都屬其範疇。至於藥物如何與受體或酵素結合、產生何種效應，也就是作用機制與劑量效應關係，屬於「藥物對身體做了什麼」的藥效學範圍，故不包括在藥物動力學內的是 A。B、C、D 分別對應排泄、分布、代謝，皆為藥物動力學的核心組成。","記法是四個英文字首 ADME：Absorption、Distribution、Metabolism、Excretion；再配一句「動力學看濃度、效力學看效果」。由此延伸出護理常用的量化指標：生體可用率對應吸收，分布體積對應分布，清除率與半衰期由代謝與排泄共同決定，而半衰期又推導出達到穩定血中濃度約需四到五個半衰期，以及首渡效應為何讓口服劑量必須高於注射劑量。藥效學那一側則對應效價、最大效能、致效劑與拮抗劑、治療指數等概念，臨床監測藥物血中濃度屬動力學問題，觀察療效與副作用屬效力學問題。可連結概念：ADME、半衰期、首渡效應、治療指數。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"藥物動力學 ADME",{"term":28,"count":11},"藥效學作用機制",{"term":30,"count":11},"吸收分布代謝排泄",{"term":32,"count":11},"劑量效應關係",[34,38,43,48,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-034","緩解支氣管平滑肌痙攣（bronchospasm），使用下列何種藥物最佳？",34,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-030","下列何者會降低氣體擴散穿過肺泡交換膜的能力？",30,106,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-044","卵巢甲狀腺腫（struma ovarii）是屬於一種：",44,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":47,"year":51,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-002","下列有關內分泌腺的敘述，何者正確？",108,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-046","下列關於乳癌的敘述何者錯誤？",46,109,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-080","下列何種藥物治療蟠尾絲蟲（Onchocerca volvulus）引起的河川盲（river blindness）為首選藥物，而且病人副作用最小？",80,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087816]