[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-041":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-041","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-041",115,1,41,"有關革蘭氏陽性細菌的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"其革蘭氏染色結果呈現紅色","其細胞壁具有內膜和外膜","其細胞膜上具有脂多醣體（lipopolysaccharide）","其具有的胜肽聚醣（peptidoglycan）層較革蘭氏陰性細菌的厚","D",null,[],"本題考點是革蘭氏染色原理與兩類細菌的細胞壁結構差異。革蘭氏陽性菌的細胞壁含有厚實的胜肽聚醣層，能在酒精脫色步驟中留住結晶紫與碘的複合物，因此顯微鏡下呈紫色，這也正是其結構上的定義特徵，故正確的敘述是 D。A 錯，染成紅色是革蘭氏陰性菌被番紅復染的結果。B 錯，具有內外兩層膜的是革蘭氏陰性菌，陽性菌只有一層細胞膜。C 錯，脂多醣體位於革蘭氏陰性菌的外膜，是內毒素的來源，陽性菌並不具備。","整條染色流程可用「紫碘酒紅」四步記：結晶紫染色、碘液媒染形成大分子複合物、酒精或丙酮脫色、番紅復染。厚胜肽聚醣像細密濾網留住複合物故維持紫色；陰性菌胜肽聚醣薄且外膜富含脂質，被酒精溶掉後複合物流失，只剩復染的紅色。結構差異進一步推導出臨床行為：陰性菌外膜的脂多醣體是內毒素，經類鐸受體四號活化引發發炎風暴與敗血性休克，且外膜構成通透屏障，使萬古黴素等大分子藥物對陰性菌無效；陽性菌則多以外毒素致病，並對作用於細胞壁的藥物較敏感。此外抗酸性細菌因細胞壁大量分枝菌酸而不適用此染色，需改用抗酸染色。可連結概念：內毒素與外毒素、抗酸染色、細胞壁標的藥物。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"革蘭氏染色機制",{"term":28,"count":11},"胜肽聚醣厚度",{"term":30,"count":11},"革蘭氏陰性菌外膜",{"term":32,"count":11},"脂多醣體與內毒素",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-042","下列何種免疫細胞具有吞噬能力，當病原菌入侵人體組織時，可作為抗菌的第一道防線？",42,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-038","下列何種組織對放射線傷害的耐受性較高？",38,106,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-052","下列那一藥物適用於阿茲海默症之治療？",52,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-010","下列器官的主要養分來源，何者不是來自頸外動脈？",10,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-054","有關 omalizumab 之敘述，下列何者正確？",54,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":47},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-008","腦下垂體細胞 HE 染色的特性與其功能的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",8,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087891]