[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-042":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-042","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-042",115,1,42,"下列何種免疫細胞具有吞噬能力，當病原菌入侵人體組織時，可作為抗菌的第一道防線？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"肥大細胞（mast cell）","巨噬細胞（macrophage）","漿細胞（plasma cell）","自然殺手細胞（natural killer cell）","B",null,[],"本題考點是先天免疫中具吞噬能力的細胞。病原菌突破皮膚黏膜後，先遇上的是駐留在組織內的先天免疫細胞，其中巨噬細胞由單核細胞分化而來，長期駐守於各器官組織，能以吞噬作用清除病原、並釋放細胞激素啟動發炎反應，故選 B。A 的肥大細胞主要釋出組織胺與白三烯，參與過敏與立即型過敏反應，不以吞噬為主。C 的漿細胞是 B 細胞活化後的抗體工廠，屬體液性適應免疫。D 的自然殺手細胞以釋出穿孔素與顆粒酶殺死病毒感染細胞及腫瘤細胞，並不進行吞噬。","專職吞噬細胞主要有嗜中性白血球、單核與巨噬細胞，以及具吞噬能力的樹突細胞；差別在於嗜中性白血球是血液中最早大量趕到發炎現場的兵力、壽命短且構成膿液主體，而巨噬細胞是組織裡本來就在的常駐部隊，並在後期負責清理殘骸與修復。巨噬細胞在各器官有專屬名稱，包括肝的庫佛細胞、肺的塵細胞、腦的微膠細胞、骨的蝕骨細胞，屬常考對照。吞噬後的殺菌機制包含呼吸爆發產生活性氧、髓過氧化酶系統與溶酶體酵素，慢性肉芽腫症就是還原型輔酶氧化酶缺陷導致呼吸爆發失能。巨噬細胞同時是抗原呈現與 T 細胞活化的橋樑，把先天與適應免疫串起來。可連結概念：吞噬作用、呼吸爆發、組織常駐巨噬細胞、抗原呈現。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"巨噬細胞吞噬作用",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"肥大細胞與組織胺",{"term":31,"count":11},"先天免疫防線",{"term":33,"count":11},"自然殺手細胞細胞毒殺",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-043","下列何種細胞最主要表現 MHC class II 分子，並將抗原呈現給 T 細胞？",43,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-039","目前肺癌的標靶治療，最主要是針對何種基因的突變？",39,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-053","Carbidopa 與 levodopa 併用於巴金森氏症患者之治療，主要是因為 carbidopa 抑制下列何種酶所致？",53,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-011","卵巢排卵（ovulation）時，下列何者不會隨著卵母細胞（oocyte）一起排出？",11,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-055","使用下列何種藥物，最易導致潛在結核病（latent tuberculosis）復發？",55,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-009","下列何者不是皮膚表皮（epidermis）的細胞層？",9,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087896]