[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-043","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-043",115,1,43,"下列何種細胞最主要表現 MHC class II 分子，並將抗原呈現給 T 細胞？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"紅血球","樹突細胞","嗜中性白血球","肝細胞","B",null,[],"本題考點是主要組織相容性複合體第二類分子的表現細胞。第二類分子的功能是把外源性抗原胜肽呈現給輔助型 T 細胞，只有專職抗原呈現細胞才會大量表現，包括樹突細胞、巨噬細胞與 B 細胞；其中樹突細胞表現量最高，且是唯一能有效活化初始 T 細胞的細胞，故選 B。A 的成熟紅血球無細胞核，連第一類分子都不表現。C 的嗜中性白血球以吞噬殺菌為主，不擔任抗原呈現角色。D 的肝細胞屬一般體細胞，只表現第一類分子，供細胞毒殺型 T 細胞監視。","兩類分子可用「一對八、二對四，乘積都是八」來記：第一類配 CD8 細胞毒殺型 T 細胞，表現於幾乎所有帶核細胞，呈現細胞內生成的抗原，屬內源性路徑；第二類配 CD4 輔助型 T 細胞，只表現於專職抗原呈現細胞，呈現吞噬進來的外源抗原。樹突細胞的特別之處在於它會在周邊組織捕捉抗原後成熟並遷移至淋巴結，同時提供第二訊號共同刺激分子，缺此訊號的 T 細胞會走向失能或耐受，這正是疫苗佐劑與免疫檢查點治療的設計基礎。移植醫學上，第二類分子的配對不合是引發排斥的關鍵，也是人類白血球抗原分型的重點。可連結概念：抗原呈現路徑、CD4 與 CD8、共同刺激分子、人類白血球抗原分型。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":16,"count":26},3,{"term":28,"count":29},"CD4 輔助型 T 細胞",2,{"term":31,"count":11},"MHC class II 抗原呈現",{"term":33,"count":11},"MHC class I 表現於帶核細胞",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-044","有關疫苗的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",44,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-040","嬰兒最常見的先天性心臟病為下列那一種？",40,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-054","下列用於 sleep disorders 之藥物，何者可明顯縮短入睡時間及減少睡眠中醒來次數，但會造成病人有白天中樞抑制（daytime sedation）之副作用？",54,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-012","有關食道之敘述何者正確？",12,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-056","Beta 腎上腺素受體拮抗劑用於治療心絞痛的藥理作用，不包括下列何者？",56,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":29},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-010","心尖的位置約在左鎖骨中線與第幾肋間的交會處？",10,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087900]