[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-044":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-044","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-044",115,1,44,"有關疫苗的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"目前的愛滋病毒（HIV）疫苗可以誘發有效的中和抗體來預防愛滋病毒感染","接種疫苗是目前最有效預防傳染病的方法","減毒活病毒疫苗（live attenuated virus vaccine）通常比死病毒疫苗（killed-virus vaccine）更能引發保護性免疫力","死病毒疫苗（killed-virus vaccine）通常比減毒活病毒疫苗（live attenuated virus vaccine）安全，較不會因為接種疫苗造成疾病","A",null,[],"本題考點是疫苗種類的免疫特性與現行疫苗發展現況。愛滋病毒的外套膜蛋白變異速度極快、又有醣分子屏蔽關鍵抗原表位，加上病毒會整合入宿主基因組形成潛伏庫，因此至今尚無任何疫苗能誘發足夠廣效的中和抗體以預防感染，錯誤的敘述是 A。B 正確，接種疫苗仍是最具成本效益的傳染病預防手段。C 正確，減毒活病毒能在體內少量複製，可同時誘發體液與細胞免疫，保護力較持久。D 正確，死病毒疫苗不具複製能力，安全性較高但需追加劑次。","把活減毒與不活化疫苗做成對比表最實用：活減毒者免疫較強、常單劑或少劑即可，但孕婦與免疫功能不全者禁用，且有極低機率因回復突變致病，並須注意冷鏈與活疫苗間隔規則，例如兩種活疫苗未同日接種時應間隔四週。不活化與次單位疫苗安全性高、可用於免疫低下者，但需佐劑與追加劑次，且以體液免疫為主。愛滋預防的替代策略也常一起考：暴露前與暴露後預防性投藥、母嬰垂直傳染阻斷、以及廣效中和抗體研究，均屬未取代疫苗的權宜手段。可連結概念：活減毒疫苗禁忌、佐劑、抗原變異、群體免疫。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"愛滋病毒抗原高變異",{"term":28,"count":11},"減毒活疫苗免疫特性",{"term":30,"count":11},"死病毒疫苗安全性",{"term":32,"count":11},"中和抗體",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-045","有關化膿性鏈球菌（Streptococcus pyogenes）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",45,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-041","下列淋巴腫瘤中，何者最常出現「貓頭鷹眼睛樣（owl-eye appearance）」大細胞核的腫瘤細胞與淋巴細胞、漿細胞、嗜伊紅性白血球混雜？",41,106,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-055","下列何者不是服用 salicylates 所引起的副作用？",55,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-013","肺部的那一種細胞，主要負責分泌表面張力劑(surfactant)，可以降低肺泡內的表面張力，避免肺泡塌陷？",13,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-057","下列何者不是類鴉片藥物常見的副作用？",57,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":47},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-011","血球的生命週期，下列何者最長？",11,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087904]