[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-047":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-1-基礎醫學-047","nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-047",115,1,47,"下列何種細菌可直接人對人傳染？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"法蘭西氏菌（Francisella）","巴東氏菌（Bartonella）","包氏螺旋體（Borrelia）","梅毒螺旋體（Treponema pallidum）","D",null,[],"本題考點在病原體的宿主與傳染途徑分類。依人畜共通與病媒傳染的區分,梅毒螺旋體以人類為唯一自然宿主,經性接觸的黏膜直接接觸傳染,並可經胎盤造成垂直感染,屬典型的人對人直接傳染,故選 D。A 的法蘭西氏菌造成兔熱病,途徑是接觸感染動物、蜱叮咬或吸入含菌氣霧,不在人與人之間傳播;B 的巴東氏菌以貓抓病與貓蚤、體蝨為媒介,人是意外宿主;C 的包氏螺旋體造成萊姆病或回歸熱,必須經硬蜱或體蝨作為病媒,離開病媒無法直接人傳人。判斷關鍵在辨識哪一種病原完全不依賴動物宿主或節肢動物病媒。","梅毒螺旋體無法用常規人工培養基培養,診斷靠暗視野顯微鏡觀察病灶滲出液或血清學,而血清學固定分兩軌:非梅毒螺旋體試驗(non-treponemal,如 VDRL、RPR)作為篩檢與治療追蹤,效價隨活動性起落;梅毒螺旋體專一性試驗(treponemal,如 TPHA、FTA-ABS)確認曾感染,治癒後仍終生陽性。宿主概念的對照表好用:僅人類為宿主者(梅毒、淋病、痲疹)以直接接觸或飛沫在人間傳播;有動物宿主或病媒者(兔熱病、貓抓病、萊姆病、鼠疫、Q 熱)需切斷動物或病媒環節。可延伸複習:垂直感染的 TORCH 群、產前梅毒篩檢的時機與意義、螺旋體共有的形態特徵。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"梅毒螺旋體人類唯一宿主",{"term":28,"count":11},"垂直感染",{"term":30,"count":11},"人畜共通傳染病",{"term":32,"count":11},"病媒傳染",{"term":34,"count":11},"梅毒血清學兩軌",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-basic-medicine-048","下列何種 DNA 病毒的感染，最不會增加病人得到癌症的機會？",48,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-044","下列何者為前列腺癌最常發生之部位？",44,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":49},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-058","下列降血壓藥物中，何者具有血管擴張作用，且臨床上可用於良性前列腺肥大症（BPH）？",58,2,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-016","眼睛的水樣液（aquemous humor）是由何構造分泌？",16,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-060","下列何種類鴉片藥物，對 κ-受體的致效劑作用較其對 µ-及 δ-受體的作用強？",60,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":49},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-014","消化道的奧氏神經叢（Auerbach’s plexus），主要位於下列何處？",14,110,"2026-08-06",1787299087938]