[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-fundamental-nursing-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基本護理學與護理行政","fundamental-nursing","基本護理學(包括護理原理、護理技術)與護理行政",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-1-基本護理學與護理行政-034","nurse-115-1-fundamental-nursing-034",115,1,34,"食道癌末期病人，僅能進食少量液體食物，不願意採用鼻胃管灌食或者腸道外營養治療，兒子認為這樣下去病人會因飢餓死亡，心理無法接受，期待以更積極方式協助進食，下列措施何者最適當？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"提供高熱量流質食物並鼓勵少量多餐","鼓勵病人使用胃造口進行灌食，以免兒子擔心","與醫師討論建議病人執行腸道外營養治療","請兒子與病人溝通以確認要採用何種方式進食","A",null,[],"本題考點是末期病人拒絕人工營養時，兼顧病人自主與家屬情緒的照護抉擇。依安寧緩和照護的舒適餵食原則與病人自主權，病人已明確拒絕鼻胃管與腸道外營養，護理處置應在其可接受的口進食範圍內提高營養密度，故以高熱量流質食物搭配少量多餐最適當，選 A。B 錯在胃造口同屬人工營養管路，改換途徑仍違背病人已表達的意願，且理由是為安撫兒子而非病人利益。C 錯在末期病人使用腸道外營養無法延長存活或改善生活品質，反增感染、體液過量與代謝併發症風險。D 錯在病人意願早已表明，把決定權推回兒子等於讓家屬壓力凌駕病人自主，並延誤實際可行的營養調整。","末期惡病質的本質是腫瘤釋放發炎細胞激素造成的分解代謝，並非單純進食不足，因此強行灌食無法逆轉體重下降，這是「餓死」迷思的關鍵反駁點。臨床照護改採舒適進食，以病人喜好、質地與少量多餐為原則，重點在滿足與尊嚴而非熱量達標；同時對家屬進行預期性衛教，說明末期食慾下降與脫水反而減少分泌物與水腫。法規面可連結病人自主權利法的預立醫療決定與安寧緩和醫療條例對維生醫療的界定，以及倫理四原則中自主原則與行善、不傷害原則的權衡。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"安寧緩和照護",5,{"term":29,"count":11},"病人自主原則",{"term":31,"count":11},"舒適餵食",{"term":33,"count":11},"癌症惡病質",{"term":35,"count":11},"人工營養適應症",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-1-fundamental-nursing-035","血液檢查結果，下列何者異常？",35,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-106-1-fundamental-nursing-031","若尿液中出現膽紅素，其可能原因為：",31,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":50},"nurse-106-2-fundamental-nursing-045","因心律不整造成缺血性中風，導致左側偏癱且右手點滴滴注的病人測量其血壓時，下列何者正確？",45,2,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-fundamental-nursing-003","承上題，林小姐住院已經 5 天，病情未見好轉，心情沮喪，擔心家人受感染，但又期盼家人的陪伴，常在夜裡哭泣，針對此現象，下列何項護理措施較為合適？",3,108,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-fundamental-nursing-047","關於尿液培養（urine culture）的檢體收集，下列敘述何者錯誤？",47,109,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":11,"year":64,"session":50},"nurse-110-2-fundamental-nursing-001","有關煮沸消毒法的敘述，下列何者正確？",110,"2026-08-06",1787299088340]