[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-maternal-pediatric-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-產兒科護理學-018","nurse-115-1-maternal-pediatric-018",115,1,18,"有關正常新生兒的呼吸特徵，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"呼吸速率 30～60 次／分鐘","採胸式呼吸","呼吸不規律","有時會出現 5 秒以內的呼吸暫停","B",null,[],"本題考點是正常新生兒的呼吸型態特徵。依新生兒解剖生理,其肋間肌尚未發育成熟、肋骨走向較水平、胸廓活動幅度有限,呼吸主要依賴橫膈膜起伏,因此呈腹式(橫膈式)呼吸而非胸式呼吸,故 B 敘述錯誤;也因此評估新生兒呼吸應觀察腹部起伏並計數整分鐘。A 正確,安靜狀態下呼吸速率 30 至 60 次每分鐘屬正常範圍。C 正確,新生兒呼吸中樞尚未成熟,深淺與速率不規律是正常現象。D 正確,週期性呼吸中出現短暫停頓,若在 15 至 20 秒以內且未合併發紺或心跳過慢,屬正常表現,5 秒的暫停不需處理。","區辨「週期性呼吸」與「呼吸暫停」是本題延伸的重點:週期性呼吸指短暫停頓後自行恢復,不伴隨發紺、心跳過慢或血氧下降,屬中樞未成熟的正常現象;呼吸暫停(apnea)則指停止超過 20 秒,或雖不足 20 秒但合併發紺、心跳過慢或肌張力下降,屬異常,早產兒尤其常見。呼吸窘迫的徵象要能一眼指認:呼吸速率持續大於 60 次每分鐘、鼻翼搧動、胸骨與肋間凹陷、呼氣性呻吟、發紺,這些是評分量表的核心項目。生理上新生兒還有兩個先天弱點:主要以鼻子呼吸,鼻腔阻塞即明顯影響換氣;呼吸道管徑細小,少量分泌物或黏膜腫脹就造成明顯阻力上升。可延伸複習:新生兒生命徵象正常值(心跳 120 至 160 次每分鐘、腋溫 36.5 至 37.5 度)與新生兒呼吸道通暢的維持措施。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"腹式呼吸",8,{"term":28,"count":29},"呼吸暫停定義",2,{"term":31,"count":29},"呼吸窘迫徵象",{"term":33,"count":10},"新生兒呼吸速率",{"term":35,"count":10},"週期性呼吸",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-maternal-pediatric-019","有關新生兒出生時維生素 K 缺乏的原因，下列何者錯誤？",19,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-maternal-pediatric-015","張女士待產時胎心率發生變異性減速（variable deceleration），此時護理師應最先執行的護理措施為下列那一項？",15,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":29},"nurse-106-2-maternal-pediatric-029","有關女性新生兒生殖器之成熟度評估，下列何者最成熟？",29,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-107-2-maternal-pediatric-067","有關德國麻疹（German measles）的護理指導及處置，下列何者正確？",67,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-maternal-pediatric-031","張女士目前子宮頸口開 6 公分，每 10 分鐘宮縮 2 次，每次持續 20 秒，宮縮壓力 10 mmHg，產程已持續 3 小時無進展。張女士顯得疲累，胎心音正常，下列臨床處置何者正確？",31,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-maternal-pediatric-065","有關病毒性腦膜炎（virus meningitis）的護理措施，下列敘述何者錯誤？",65,110,"2026-08-06",1787299089329]