[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-020","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-020",115,1,20,"下列何者為右心衰竭的臨床表徵？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"呼吸困難","粉紅色泡沫痰","下肢水腫","少尿或無尿","C",null,[],"本題考點是左右心衰竭的鬱血部位對應症狀。依血流動力學,右心衰竭時右心室無法把回流的血液順利送入肺循環,壓力往後傳到體循環靜脈系統,靜脈壓上升使液體滲入組織間隙,故出現下肢對稱性凹陷性水腫,並可見頸靜脈膨脹、肝脾腫大、腹水與體重增加,選 C。A 與 B 屬左心衰竭:血液鬱積於肺循環造成肺充血與肺水腫,表現為呼吸困難、夜間陣發性呼吸困難與粉紅色泡沫痰。D 少尿或無尿反映心輸出量不足導致腎灌流下降,屬前向性心輸出量減少的表現,而非右心鬱血的典型特徵。","記憶口訣:左心顧肺、右心顧全身——左衰看肺(喘、咳、端坐呼吸、肺底濕囉音、粉紅泡沫痰),右衰看身體(頸靜脈膨脹、肝頸靜脈回流徵象、肝脾腫大、腹水、下肢水腫、體重增加)。臨床上最常見的右心衰竭其實是左心衰竭進展造成的肺高壓所致,故晚期常兩側並存。評估體液狀況以每日固定條件量體重最敏感,一日增加超過一公斤即提示水分滯留。延伸複習:B 型腦利鈉肽在診斷心衰竭的意義、心衰竭分級與限鈉限水原則、毛地黃強心藥中毒的表現與血鉀關係。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"右心衰竭體循環鬱血",{"term":27,"count":10},"左心衰竭肺鬱血",{"term":29,"count":10},"凹陷性水腫",{"term":31,"count":10},"心輸出量與腎灌流",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-021","惡性腫瘤細胞與正常細胞的不同特性之比較，下列何者正確？①細胞缺乏接觸抑制           ②細胞可快速增殖    ③細胞未分化狀態    ④當需要更多細胞時會發生增殖   ⑤黏著性低而活動力高",21,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-017","下列何種器官所分泌的消化酶可分解脂肪及蛋白質？",17,106,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":41,"session":46},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-031","心肌梗塞後病人所出現的心電圖變化，下列何者一旦出現最有可能永遠不會消失？",31,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":46},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-069","有關皮下注射胰島素吸收速率之比較，下列何者正確？",69,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-033","病人的皮膚黏膜蒼白、舌頭發炎呈紅色平滑狀，指甲萎縮、變薄呈湯匙狀，可能罹患下列何種貧血？",33,109,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-067","有關良性前列腺肥大的合併症，下列何者錯誤？",67,110,"2026-08-06",1787299088746]