[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-034","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-034",115,1,34,"有關早期氧合不足會出現的徵象或症狀，下列何者最可能？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"皮膚發紺","躁動不安","低血壓","心搏過緩","B",null,[],"本題考點是缺氧徵象出現的早晚順序。腦組織耗氧量高且無氧儲備，氧合不足時最先受影響的是中樞神經功能，表現為躁動不安、焦慮、注意力不集中與判斷力下降，因此躁動不安是最早且最敏感的指標，選B。A皮膚發紺須待血中去氧血紅素累積到相當程度才看得出來，屬晚期表現，貧血病人即使嚴重缺氧也可能不出現發紺，膚色深者更難判讀。C低血壓與D心搏過緩則是代償機制失敗後的末期變化，臨床上出現時往往已接近心肺衰竭；缺氧早期為維持氧氣輸送，交感神經興奮使心搏加快、呼吸加速、血壓略升，方向與C、D相反。","早期與晚期缺氧的對比可整理成好記的表：早期＝躁動不安、焦慮、心搏過速、呼吸過速、血壓上升、皮膚蒼白濕冷；晚期＝意識混亂到昏睡、發紺、心搏過緩、心律不整、低血壓、呼吸型態不規則。口訣可記成「先躁後昏、先快後慢」，也就是意識由亢奮轉抑制、心搏與呼吸由代償性加快轉為衰竭性變慢。臨床上依賴發紺判斷缺氧是危險的，因為發紺取決於去氧血紅素的絕對量，貧血者血紅素基數低不易顯色，紅血球過多症者則容易顯色，因此客觀評估仍以脈搏血氧飽和度與動脈血液氣體分析為準，並記住常壓下 PaO₂ 正常值約 80 至 100 mmHg。可延伸複習血氧解離曲線右移與左移的影響因子。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"交感神經代償",2,{"term":28,"count":10},"早期缺氧徵象",{"term":30,"count":10},"中樞神經對缺氧的敏感性",{"term":32,"count":10},"發紺與去氧血紅素",{"term":34,"count":10},"脈搏血氧飽和度",[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-035","李先生因肺結核服用ethambutol（EMB）治療，下列敘述何者正確？",35,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-031","急性心肌梗塞後，下列何種心肌酶指標最快恢復正常？",31,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":26},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-045","有關燒傷傷口臨床表徵的敘述，下列何者正確？",45,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-003","有關顱內壓升高的治療，下列何者錯誤？",3,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-047","愛滋病病人感染肺囊蟲肺炎之初期主要症狀，下列何者正確？",47,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":10,"year":62,"session":26},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-001","有關前窩顱底骨折的敘述，下列何者正確？",110,"2026-08-06",1787299088919]