[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-035":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-035","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-035",115,1,35,"李先生因肺結核服用ethambutol（EMB）治療，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"需注意視力模糊及紅綠色盲等副作用","尿液會呈現橘紅色","補充Vitamin B 6可預防藥物副作用","必須與制酸劑併用","A",null,[],"本題考點是抗結核藥物與其特徵性副作用的配對。Ethambutol會造成劑量相關的視神經炎，典型表現為視力模糊、視野縮小與紅綠色辨色力障礙，因此服藥期間須定期評估視力與色覺變化，故A正確。B的尿液、汗液、淚液呈橘紅色是Rifampin色素代謝物排出所致，屬無害但須事先告知的變化。C的補充維生素B6是用來預防Isoniazid干擾吡哆醇代謝所造成的周邊神經病變，與Ethambutol無關。D錯在含鋁制酸劑會減少Ethambutol的腸道吸收、降低血中濃度而影響療效，應間隔給藥而非併用。","第一線抗結核藥的副作用可用「眼、肝、腎耳、尿、酸」串起來記：Ethambutol 看眼睛（視神經炎、紅綠色盲）、Isoniazid 看周邊神經與肝（需補維生素 B6）、Rifampin 看肝與體液染色並會誘導肝臟酵素而降低口服避孕藥效果、Streptomycin 看耳與腎（第八對腦神經與腎毒性）、Pyrazinamide 看肝與高尿酸引發的關節痛。治療原則是多重藥物合併、規則服藥、足夠療程，目的在避免抗藥性產生，護理指導核心是完成療程與定期回診追蹤肝功能與視力。Ethambutol 的視神經炎多為劑量相關且早期停藥可逆，這正是它把「定期視力檢查」列為必要監測的理由。可延伸複習都治計畫、痰液抗酸菌染色與空氣傳染防護措施。",[24,26,28,30,32],{"term":25,"count":10},"Ethambutol 視神經炎",{"term":27,"count":10},"紅綠色盲",{"term":29,"count":10},"Rifampin 體液染色",{"term":31,"count":10},"Isoniazid 與維生素 B6",{"term":33,"count":10},"制酸劑影響藥物吸收",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-036","有關肺栓塞造成的通氣與灌流比失衡（ventilation and perfusion mismatch）之敘述，下列何者正確？",36,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-032","有關心衰竭病人使用多巴胺（dopamine）之敘述，下列何者正確？",32,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-046","有關 HIV 疾病進展的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",46,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-004","有關脊髓損傷所引起的神經性膀胱之敘述，下列何者正確？",4,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-048","有關肺栓塞病人之護理處置，下列敘述何者最正確？",48,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":48,"year":62,"session":48},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-002","有關 S2～S4 完全性脊髓損傷後排尿功能之敘述，下列何者正確？",110,"2026-08-06",1787299088948]