[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-038","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-038",115,1,38,"有關感染性膀胱炎導因之敘述，下列何者最不適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"常見致病菌之一為大腸桿菌","男性因為尿道較長易致膀胱細菌滋生","膀胱炎導因常見為上行性細菌感染","前列腺肥大影響排尿易致膀胱細菌滋生","B",null,[],"本題考點是感染性膀胱炎的致病途徑與性別差異。泌尿道感染以上行性途徑為主，尿道愈短、細菌愈容易上行到達膀胱。女性尿道僅約三至四公分且開口鄰近陰道與肛門，膀胱炎發生率遠高於男性；男性尿道長約二十公分，長度反而是保護因素，故B的「男性因尿道較長易致膀胱細菌滋生」為最不適當的敘述。A正確，大腸桿菌來自腸道菌群，是社區型膀胱炎最常見的致病菌。C正確，上行性細菌感染確為主要導因。D正確，攝護腺肥大造成出口阻塞與殘餘尿，尿液滯留即成細菌繁殖的溫床。","膀胱炎的危險因子可歸成三類，記憶起來比背條目有效：①解剖與性別（女性尿道短、停經後雌激素下降使陰道菌相改變）②尿液滯留（攝護腺肥大、神經性膀胱、結石、狹窄，凡有殘餘尿就有細菌培養皿）③器械與異物（留置導尿管每日增加感染風險、膀胱鏡檢查、性行為）。人體原有的防禦包括尿流沖刷、尿液酸性與尿路上皮的抗黏附機制，因此護理指導方向是足夠飲水以增加沖刷、不憋尿、女性如廁後由前往後擦拭。留置導尿管相關感染的預防重點是維持密閉系統、集尿袋低於膀胱高度並避免逆流，以及盡早移除不必要的導管。臨床表現可對比記憶：下泌尿道感染以頻尿、急尿、解尿疼痛為主而少發燒；一旦出現高燒、寒顫與腰側敲擊痛，即需考慮已上行為腎盂腎炎。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"大腸桿菌",4,{"term":28,"count":10},"上行性泌尿道感染",{"term":30,"count":10},"女性尿道長度",{"term":32,"count":10},"攝護腺肥大與殘餘尿",{"term":34,"count":10},"尿液滯留",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-039","有關泌尿道檢查之敘述，下列何者正確？",39,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-035","有關化學治療的適應症，下列何者正確？",35,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":49},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-049","有關全身性紅斑性狼瘡的診斷檢查結果，下列何者錯誤？",49,2,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-007","有關阿茲海默氏症的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",7,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-051","有關慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的病人使用噘嘴式呼吸的目的，下列何者正確？",51,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":49},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-005","有關頭眼反射（oculocephalic reflex）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",5,110,"2026-08-06",1787299088977]