[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-040":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-040","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-040",115,1,40,"預防腎功能不全病人血鉀過高之飲食護理指導，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"避免熱量攝取不足或長期饑餓","建議多攝取雞精用來補充營養","需要多使用低鈉鹽或薄鹽醬油","建議多吃水果乾減少水分攝取","A",null,[],"本題考點是預防高血鉀的飲食護理指導，關鍵在辨識隱藏的鉀來源與代謝性因素。A正確，熱量攝取不足或長期饑餓時，身體轉為分解自身肌肉與組織以供應能量，細胞內的鉀隨蛋白質分解釋出到血液中，反而推高血鉀，因此維持足夠熱量本身就是控鉀措施。B錯在雞精屬濃縮的肉湯汁，鉀離子與含氮廢物含量都高。C錯在低鈉鹽與薄鹽醬油是以氯化鉀取代部分氯化鈉，鈉雖降低但鉀大幅增加，是腎功能不全病人最常誤用的產品。D錯在水果乾去除水分後鉀被濃縮，同重量含鉀量遠高於新鮮水果。","血鉀高低要同時看「進來多少」「排出多少」與「細胞內外怎麼移動」三條路。腎功能不全病人排出這條路先壞掉，所以其餘兩條都必須管控：飲食面要避開高鉀食物（深綠色蔬菜、香蕉、番茄、柳丁、香瓜、堅果、雞精肉湯、代鹽、無鹽醬油、果乾），並記住「蔬菜先川燙去水再炒」可去除部分鉀；移動面要避免組織分解與酸中毒，因為酸中毒時氫離子進入細胞而鉀被換出到血中，饑餓、外傷、感染、溶血與輸入庫存血同樣會釋出細胞內鉀。這正是A選項的巧妙之處：它考的不是食物含鉀量，而是分解代謝這個常被忽略的內在來源。記憶口訣可用「低鈉鹽其實是高鉀鹽」提醒代鹽陷阱。可延伸複習高血鉀的緊急處置原理與心電圖 T 波高尖的意義。",[24,26,28,30,32],{"term":25,"count":10},"高血鉀預防",{"term":27,"count":10},"分解代謝釋出細胞內鉀",{"term":29,"count":10},"代鹽含氯化鉀",{"term":31,"count":10},"高鉀食物辨識",{"term":33,"count":10},"腎功能不全排鉀障礙",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-041","趙小姐，45歲，無特殊疾病，近來健檢時發現有輸尿管結石約1.8公分，醫師建議行輸尿管鏡碎石術，下列敘述何者錯誤？",41,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-037","乳房腫瘤 3 cm，侵犯至同側腋下淋巴結，但無遠處轉移，依據 TNM 分期，下列何者正確？",37,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-051","肺炎病人合併低血氧時最早出現的精神狀態改變，下列何者正確？",51,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-009","有關預防傾倒症候群的敘述，下列何者正確？",9,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-053","有關急性呼吸窘迫症候群（ARDS）的處置，下列何者錯誤？",53,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":48},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-007","下列何者為評估病人腦幹功能的檢查？",7,110,"2026-08-06",1787299089011]