[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-045":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-045","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-045",115,1,45,"劉女士因血糖控制不佳入院，下列病人平日之飲食攝取比例，何者不適宜？①碳水化合物類的食物約占每日總熱量的50～60％    ②脂肪類的食物約占每日總熱量的5～10％     ③飽和脂肪類的食物小於7％    ④蛋白質類的食物約占每日總熱量的30～35％",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"①②","①③","②④","③④","C",null,[],"本題考點是糖尿病病人三大營養素的建議熱量占比。依糖尿病飲食原則，碳水化合物約占每日總熱量50至60％，脂肪約20至30％且其中飽和脂肪低於7％，蛋白質約15至20％。②的脂肪僅占5至10％明顯過低，不僅影響脂溶性維生素吸收與飽足感，缺少的熱量還必須由醣類或蛋白質補足而不利血糖控制；④的蛋白質30至35％則過高，長期增加腎臟排除含氮廢物的負擔，對已有糖尿病腎病變者尤為不利，故不適宜者為②④，選C。①的50至60％落在建議範圍內。③的飽和脂肪小於7％正是為降低心血管疾病風險所設的上限，敘述正確。","糖尿病飲食的三大原則是熱量適當、營養均衡、定時定量，比例本身要與「食物代換」概念一起用才有臨床意義：一份醣類十五公克、一份蛋白質約七公克、一份脂肪約五公克，換算熱量時醣與蛋白質每公克四大卡、脂肪九大卡，這也解釋了為何脂肪比例壓得太低會讓總熱量難以達成。碳水化合物的重點不只在量，還在種類與時間分配：選擇高纖與低升糖指數食物、餐次平均分配、避免精製糖，能減少餐後血糖波動。飽和脂肪與反式脂肪的限制反映糖尿病最主要的死因是心血管疾病，故治療目標一向是血糖、血壓、血脂三者並管。蛋白質建議約占15至20％或每公斤體重零點八至一公克，已出現腎病變時需在醫療團隊評估下進一步調整。可延伸複習升糖指數、酒精對低血糖的影響與運動前的醣類補充原則。",[24,26,28,30,32],{"term":25,"count":10},"糖尿病飲食三大營養素比例",{"term":27,"count":10},"碳水化合物50至60%",{"term":29,"count":10},"脂肪20至30%",{"term":31,"count":10},"飽和脂肪低於7%",{"term":33,"count":10},"蛋白質15至20%",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-046","格雷氏病（Grave’s disease）會出現下列何種臨床表徵？①神經質    ②眼球突出   ③怕冷   ④手指顫抖    ⑤脛前凹陷性水腫",46,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-042","有關慢性疼痛的特徵，下列何者正確？",42,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-056","接受胸腔放液穿刺術後的病人，需監測的合併症，不包括下列何者？",56,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-014","有關橫膈食道裂孔疝氣的臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",14,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-058","承上題，下列何項處置可以最有效的改善王先生酸鹼不平衡之問題？",58,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":48},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-012","有關內視鏡逆行膽胰攝影的敘述，下列何者正確？",12,110,"2026-08-06",1787299089075]