[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-049":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-115-1-內外科護理學-049","nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-049",115,1,49,"有關病人誤食強鹼溶液之處置，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"立即給與胃灌洗","不可給與中和劑","疑似胃潰瘍應先採取禁食","注意口腔與食道之灼傷","A",null,[],"本題考點是腐蝕性物質中毒的禁忌處置。強鹼屬腐蝕性化學物，接觸黏膜即造成液化性壞死，食道與胃壁組織已受損而脆弱，若立即催吐或施行胃灌洗，腐蝕液會再次逆流通過食道造成二次灼傷，並大幅增加食道或胃穿孔與縱膈腔感染的風險，故A為錯誤處置。B正確，以酸中和鹼會產生放熱反應與氣體，反而加重組織傷害與胃部脹氣。C正確，疑似胃部潰瘍或穿孔時先採取禁食，避免刺激與內容物外漏。D正確，口腔與食道灼傷的範圍與深度是評估重點，並須留意後續食道狹窄與吞嚥困難的併發症。","中毒處置的第一個分類動作是問「這是不是腐蝕性或揮發性物質」：強酸、強鹼與石油類產品一律禁止催吐與胃灌洗，前者怕二次灼傷與穿孔，後者怕嗆入造成化學性肺炎；其餘一般藥物中毒才考慮活性碳吸附（但腐蝕性物質給活性碳也無益，還會妨礙後續內視鏡判讀傷勢）。強酸造成凝固性壞死、傷害相對表淺；強鹼造成液化性壞死、會持續向深層侵蝕，因此強鹼的食道穿孔與後期狹窄風險更高，這是兩者最重要的病生理差異。急性期照護重點是呼吸道評估（喉頭水腫、聲音改變）、疼痛控制、禁食與靜脈輸液維持體液，並依醫囑安排內視鏡評估灼傷分級；恢復期則須追蹤食道狹窄造成的進食困難與營養不良。皮膚或眼睛接觸則以大量清水持續沖洗為原則，同樣不使用中和劑。",[24,26,28,30,32],{"term":25,"count":10},"腐蝕性物質中毒",{"term":27,"count":10},"強鹼液化性壞死",{"term":29,"count":10},"禁止催吐與胃灌洗",{"term":31,"count":10},"禁用中和劑",{"term":33,"count":10},"食道灼傷與狹窄",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-medical-surgical-050","有關H1N1流感之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",50,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-medical-surgical-046","預防疥瘡再發及傳染他人的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",46,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":48},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-060","與尿液 pH 值無關之尿路結石成分，下列何者正確？",60,2,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-018","有關膝關節損傷之評估方式，下列何者錯誤？",18,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-062","張先生，68 歲，罹患糖尿病、高血壓，冠心症長期服用降血糖藥物、抗凝血劑及高血壓藥物，但血壓仍維持在 150～170／90～110 mmHg。近日因血尿、下肢水腫、發燒而入院，住院期間病人不宜接受下列何項診斷性檢查？",62,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":48},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-016","李先生因胃癌接受全胃切除術，術後開始進食稀飯，約 30 分鐘後出現腹脹、噁心嘔吐、心悸、頭暈等現象，下列何者為其最可能造成的原因？",16,110,"2026-08-06",1787299089123]