[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-028","nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-028",115,1,28,"有關世代研究（cohort study）與病例對照研究（case-control study）敘述，下列何者最不適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"兩者皆為縱貫法（longitudinal study）","兩者皆可以計算發生率（incidence rate）","世代研究可應用於因果關係的推論","病例對照研究屬回溯性（retrospective）的設計","B",null,[],"本題考點為流行病學兩大觀察性研究設計的比較。發生率的計算前提是先掌握一個無病的分母族群並追蹤新發個案,世代研究符合此條件;病例對照研究是先選定病例組與對照組,兩組人數比例由研究者決定,分母不代表真實族群,因此只能計算暴露勝算比(odds ratio),無法直接算出發生率,B 敘述不適當,為正解。A 適當:兩者都涉及時間軸上暴露與疾病先後關係,同屬縱貫性研究,與橫斷面研究相對。C 適當:世代研究先確認暴露、後觀察疾病,時序明確且可算相對危險性,是觀察性研究中因果推論力較強者。D 適當:病例對照研究由結果回頭追溯過去暴露,屬回溯性設計。","可用一張對照表記憶:世代研究由因追果(前瞻為主)、算發生率與相對危險性(RR)、適合罕見暴露、耗時費錢且易失訪;病例對照研究由果追因(回溯)、算勝算比(OR)、適合罕見疾病與長潛伏期疾病、省時省錢但易有回憶偏差與選樣偏差。OR 在疾病罕見(盛行率低)時可近似 RR,這是流行病學常考的「罕見疾病假設」。另需分清:橫斷面研究只能算盛行率、無法確立時序;生態學研究以群體為單位,易犯生態謬誤。延伸概念:相對危險性、可歸因危險性、Bradford Hill 因果準則。",[24,27,29,32,35],{"term":25,"count":26},"世代研究",8,{"term":28,"count":26},"病例對照研究",{"term":30,"count":31},"發生率",5,{"term":33,"count":34},"勝算比",3,{"term":36,"count":10},"縱貫性研究",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-029","下列何者可作為評估婦幼衛生保健工作成效之指標？①自然增加率           ②嬰兒死亡率    ③孕產婦死亡率    ④社會增加率",29,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-025","面對一位處於中度焦慮的病人，下列護理措施何者適當？①藉由溝通技巧協助病人解決問題 ②傾聽同理以協助減輕焦慮 ③評值及學習適當的因應技巧 ④約束病人以維護安全",25,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":46,"session":51},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-039","中風臥床多年的周爺爺，兩週前在睡眠中與世長辭，周奶奶正處於悲傷急性期的情境中，在這個階段，照護喪偶的周奶奶，下列那一事項並不急於在此時進行？",39,2,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":51},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-077","正常老化所產生的生理機能退化，常見的健康問題有下列何者？①心輸出量增加 ②從食物中吸收鈣質能力減少 ③唾液腺分泌減少 ④胰島素分泌增加 ⑤免疫力降低",77,107,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":51},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-041","有關政府對偏鄉醫療照護提供之措施，下列何者正確？",41,109,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":51},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-075","依據長期照顧十年計畫 2.0 失智照護政策之介紹，下列何者錯誤？",75,110,"2026-08-06",1787299090001]