[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-030","nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-030",115,1,30,"有關篩檢工具信度（reliability）與效度（validity）的敘述，下列何者最不適當？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"信度是指測量結果的一致性、穩定性及可靠性","信度很高的工具，其效度一定高","陽性預測值與陰性預測值會受到疾病盛行率的影響","效度是視工具的特異度（specificity）及敏感度（sensitivity）來決定","B",null,[],"本題考點為測量工具的信度與效度關係。信度指同一工具重複測量結果的一致與穩定,效度指工具是否測到它想測的特質;一把每次都量出同樣偏差值的尺,一致性很高但測得不準,可見信度高並不保證效度高,兩者的正確關係是「效度高必然信度高、信度高未必效度高」,信度是效度的必要而非充分條件,故 B 敘述不適當,為正解。A 適當:一致性、穩定性、可靠性正是信度的定義內涵。C 適當:陽性預測值隨疾病盛行率上升而提高、陰性預測值則下降,兩者皆受盛行率影響。D 適當:篩檢工具的效度由敏感度與特異度共同判定。","以射靶比喻最好記:彈著點集中但偏離靶心=信度高、效度低;彈著點集中且落在靶心=信度與效度俱高;彈著點散亂則兩者皆低,且此時不可能有高效度。四格表口訣:敏感度=有病驗出陽性的能力(a\u002F(a+c)),特異度=沒病驗出陰性的能力(d\u002F(b+d)),兩者是工具本身的特性,不隨盛行率變動;預測值則同時受工具效度與族群盛行率影響,故同一套試劑用在高盛行率族群陽性預測值較高,這也是為何篩檢應鎖定高危險群。延伸概念:再測信度、複本信度、內部一致性(Cronbach α)、內容效度、建構效度、切點與 ROC 曲線。",[24,27,29,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"敏感度與特異度",3,{"term":28,"count":26},"陽性預測值",{"term":30,"count":31},"疾病盛行率",2,{"term":33,"count":10},"信度",{"term":35,"count":10},"效度",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-1-psychiatric-community-031","推動社區健康營造的步驟與順序，下列何者正確？①結合社區資源           ②成立社區健康營造小組         ③ 訂定社區健康議題      ④永續經營    ⑤激發民眾共同參與",31,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-027","嗎啡的主要戒斷症狀，下列何者最適切？",27,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":31},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-041","公民可透過下列何種團體力量對關鍵重要人物（stakeholders）進行遊說與監督的工作？",41,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":31},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-079","有關中老年人罹患高血壓危險因子的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",79,107,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":31},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-043","某城市的生命統計指標顯示，粗出生率為 16‰，遷入率為 24‰，粗死亡率為 4‰，遷出率為 14‰，其社會增加率為何？",43,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":31},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-077","有關長期照護成效的評價指標，下列何者最不適當？",77,110,"2026-08-06",1787299090029]