[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-018","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-018",115,2,18,"下列那一種條件會導致腎絲球過濾率下降？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腎絲球血管血壓上升","腎臟交感神經活性增加","出球小動脈收縮","入球小動脈擴張","B",null,[],"本題考點是腎絲球過濾率受入球、出球小動脈口徑與腎交感神經的調控。腎交感神經活性增加時,正腎上腺素作用於血管 α1 受體使入球小動脈明顯收縮,腎血流量與腎絲球微血管靜水壓同時下降,淨過濾壓變小,過濾率因而下降,故選 B。A 腎絲球血管血壓上升會提高淨過濾壓,過濾率上升。C 出球小動脈收縮使血液流出受阻、腎絲球內壓升高,過濾率反而上升。D 入球小動脈擴張讓更多血流進入腎絲球,過濾率同樣上升。","兩條小動脈可用「水管進出」理解:入球是進水管、出球是出水閥。進水管收縮→內壓降→過濾率降;出水閥收縮→內壓升→過濾率升。腎交感神經在低血容量、出血、劇烈運動與疼痛壓力時活化,同時啟動腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統以保留鈉水,是休克早期尿量減少的機轉。臨床延伸:血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑會使出球小動脈擴張而讓過濾率下降,故用藥後需追蹤肌酸酐;非類固醇抗發炎藥抑制腎臟的血管擴張性介質則使入球小動脈收縮,兩者合用對腎臟風險更高。",[25,28,30,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"腎絲球過濾率",5,{"term":29,"count":11},"淨過濾壓",{"term":31,"count":32},"入球小動脈",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"出球小動脈",{"term":36,"count":32},"腎交感神經活性",[38,42,47,51,56,60],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-019","肺內的氧濃度小於 70 mmHg，對肺內血流的影響為何？",19,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-065","關於經過多次疫苗注射後，所產生的免疫反應下列敘述何者正確？",65,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-079","有關抗病毒藥物的敘述，何者正確？",79,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":32},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-037","長期服用止痛劑如阿斯匹靈（aspirin）或乙醯胺酚（acetaminophen）造成的止痛劑腎病（analgesic nephropathy）常伴隨腎臟那一個部位的壞死？",37,108,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":32,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-001","左季肋區器官因肋骨刺入而大出血，下列何者最可能受損？",109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-035","嗜伊紅性白血球增多（eosinophilic leukocytosis）之常見原因，下列何者錯誤？",35,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017529]