[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-020":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-020","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-020",115,2,20,"下列那個腦區主要負責接收迷走神經傳入訊號，並調控嘔吐反應？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"縱束（longitudinal fasciculus）","延髓（medulla oblongata）","丘腦網狀核（thalamic reticular nucleus）","室旁核（paraventricular nucleus）","B",null,[],"本題考點是嘔吐中樞的解剖位置。延髓背側的孤立核及其周圍區域構成嘔吐中樞,接收迷走神經由胃腸道傳入的內臟感覺訊號,也接受第四腦室底化學受器誘發區、前庭系統與大腦皮質的輸入,再整合輸出協調橫膈、腹肌與食道的嘔吐動作,故選 B。A 縱束是連結腦幹核團的白質纖維束,只負責訊息傳導,不是整合中樞。C 丘腦網狀核參與注意力與感覺閘門調控,不處理嘔吐反射。D 室旁核位於下視丘,主要功能是分泌抗利尿激素、催產素並調控壓力反應。","延髓被稱為生命中樞,除嘔吐中樞外還有呼吸、心血管與吞嚥、咳嗽中樞,這也是延髓損傷致命的原因。嘔吐路徑有四條輸入可對應四類止吐藥:化學受器誘發區(多巴胺 D2、5-HT3)→ 化療引起嘔吐用 5-HT3 拮抗劑;前庭(組織胺 H1、乙醯膽鹼)→ 動作病用抗組織胺;胃腸道迷走神經(5-HT3)→ 腸胃刺激;大腦皮質(情緒、氣味)→ 預期性嘔吐。記憶口訣:「四條路進延髓,止吐要看走哪條」。延伸可連結顱內壓升高造成的噴射狀嘔吐。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"嘔吐中樞",{"term":28,"count":29},"延髓",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"化學受器誘發區",{"term":33,"count":29},"迷走神經傳入",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-021","一名 20 歲男性，由於車禍導致腿部骨折，以石膏固定傷肢。在骨折癒合期間，肌肉量會減少。這是下列何種類型的細胞適應性反應？",21,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-067","大量產生腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）時不會引起下列何病症？",67,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":29,"year":47,"session":29},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-001","下列有關皮膚表皮的敘述，何者正確？",107,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-039","下列那條血管與硬腦膜外血腫（epidural hematoma）關聯性最大？",39,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-003","下列何者參與形成骨盆膈（pelvic diaphragm），是支撐子宮的重要肌肉？",3,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-037","有關細菌內毒素之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",37,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017555]