[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-021","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-021",115,2,21,"一名 20 歲男性，由於車禍導致腿部骨折，以石膏固定傷肢。在骨折癒合期間，肌肉量會減少。這是下列何種類型的細胞適應性反應？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"增生（hyperplasia）","肥大（hypertrophy）","萎縮（atrophy）","異生（dysplasia）","C",null,[],"本題考點是細胞四種適應性反應的辨識。石膏固定使肌肉失去負重與收縮刺激,細胞內蛋白質分解大於合成,肌纖維體積縮小、胞器與細胞質減少,使整體肌肉量下降,屬於去用性萎縮,故選 C。A 增生指細胞數目增加,見於荷爾蒙刺激或組織代償性再生。B 肥大指單個細胞體積變大而數目不變,方向與本題相反,如負重訓練後的骨骼肌。D 異生指細胞在大小、形狀與排列上出現不規則變化,屬癌前性質的可逆病變,並非單純體積縮小。","細胞適應性反應可整理成一張對照表:萎縮(體積變小)、肥大(體積變大)、增生(數目變多)、化生(換成另一種成熟細胞型別)、異生(排列與形態失序,已偏向癌前)。萎縮的常見原因有五類:失去負荷、神經去支配、血流不足、營養不足、荷爾蒙刺激喪失;本題屬第一類。臨床延伸:長期固定同時造成肌肉萎縮與去用性骨質流失,故復健常在固定期即開始等長運動與關節活動。延伸可連結骨折癒合四階段與制動併發症評估。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"萎縮",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"細胞適應性反應",{"term":31,"count":27},"去用性肌肉流失",{"term":33,"count":27},"肥大與增生區別",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-022","第一型過敏反應是因人體的那一種抗體與抗原結合後，造成肥大細胞的去顆粒化作用，而釋出組織胺（histamine）？",22,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-068","下列何種結構存於細菌之細胞質內？",68,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":11,"year":47,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-002","下列何者分泌褪黑激素（melatonin）？",107,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-040","下列何種因素最可能延緩傷口的癒合？",40,108,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-004","女性會陰部的三個構造，由前往後的排序為何？①陰蒂 ②外尿道口 ③陰道口",4,109,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-038","下列何種病灶的顯微變化與微血管性血管瘤相似，有大量的微血管增生？",38,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017558]