[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-030","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-030",115,2,30,"有關發生在骨頭之轉移性腫瘤（metastatic tumors），下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"轉移性腫瘤是最常見的骨惡性腫瘤","大部分發生在中軸骨（axial skeleton）","轉移至骨頭的前列腺癌大部分呈現溶骨性（osteolytic）病灶","腦膠質細胞瘤（glioma）不易發生骨轉移","C",null,[],"本題考點是骨骼轉移性腫瘤的流行病學與影像特徵。骨骼的惡性病灶以轉移性為絕大多數，遠多於原發性骨惡性腫瘤，A 正確；轉移偏好紅骨髓豐富、血流量大的中軸骨，也就是脊椎、骨盆、肋骨、顱骨與近端股骨、肱骨，B 正確。攝護腺癌的骨轉移以成骨性（osteoblastic）硬化病灶為典型，影像上呈緻密白影並常伴鹼性磷酸酶上升，題目寫成溶骨性與此相反，故 C 為錯誤敘述。D 正確，腦膠質細胞瘤幾乎只在中樞神經系統內沿白質與腦脊髓液擴散，血行性骨轉移相當罕見。","骨轉移的五大常見原發部位可用口訣「乳、肺、攝護腺、腎、甲狀腺」記住，五個部位對應五個字，數目不要記錯。病灶型態再分兩組：溶骨性以腎細胞癌、甲狀腺癌與多發性骨髓瘤為代表，機轉是腫瘤刺激蝕骨細胞活性、骨質被吸收，X 光呈穿孔狀缺損；成骨性以攝護腺癌為代表，腫瘤誘發造骨細胞反應形成硬化影；乳癌與肺癌則常呈混合型。此分類有一個重要的檢查陷阱：骨骼掃描（bone scan）偵測的是造骨反應對放射性藥物的攝取，純溶骨性且缺乏造骨反應的多發性骨髓瘤容易出現假陰性，需改以骨骼 X 光系列或 MRI 評估。骨轉移的臨床併發症四項可一併記：疼痛、病理性骨折、脊髓或神經根壓迫、高血鈣。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"骨骼轉移性腫瘤流行病學",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"成骨性與溶骨性病灶",{"term":31,"count":27},"中軸骨與紅骨髓分布",{"term":33,"count":27},"骨骼掃描假陰性",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-031","藥物代謝過程中，經由加入葡萄糖醛酸（glucuronide）、硫酸、醋酸或胺基酸等之接合反應（conjugation reaction），其主要目的為何？",31,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-077","所謂的垂直感染，是指由母親傳給胎兒，其中最主要之一是病毒透過胎盤直接傳染胎兒。下列何種病毒可經由此途徑傳染？",77,106,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-011","下列何者具有雙套（diploid）染色體？",11,107,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-049","組織胺（histamine）會作用於氣管平滑肌 H 1 受體，而引起氣管痙攣；此時，給予腎上腺素（epinephrine）則可活化氣管平滑肌 β 2 受體而使之鬆弛。此例中腎上腺素對抗組織胺的氣管痙攣作用是屬於何種拮抗（antagonism）？",49,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-013","膽汁之製造及注入消化道的位置，下列何者正確？",13,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-047","關於腎臟囊腫疾病（cystic disease of the kidney），下列何者錯誤？",47,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017659]