[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-040":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-040","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-040",115,2,40,"下列單株抗體藥物中，何者可抑制上皮生長因子受體（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）之作用，用於治療癌症？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"panitumumab","trastuzumab","rituximab","adalimumab","A",null,[],"本題考點是抗癌單株抗體所對應的標靶分子。單株抗體以其結合的抗原決定用途,panitumumab 是完全人源化抗上皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抗體,結合受體外區阻斷配體結合與下游訊息傳遞,用於轉移性大腸癌治療,故選 A。選項 B 的 trastuzumab 標靶為 HER2(第二型人類上皮生長因子受體),用於 HER2 過度表現的乳癌與胃癌。選項 C 的 rituximab 標靶為 B 淋巴細胞表面的 CD20,用於非何杰金氏淋巴瘤與部分自體免疫疾病。選項 D 的 adalimumab 標靶為腫瘤壞死因子,屬抗發炎生物製劑而非抗癌藥,三者標靶都不是 EGFR。","單株抗體命名規則可直接當解題捷徑:字尾 -mab 表示單株抗體,其前一段標示來源(-omab 鼠源、-ximab 嵌合、-zumab 人源化、-umab 全人源),再往前一段標示標靶(-tu- 腫瘤、-ci- 循環系統、-li- 免疫系統)。以此拆解 panitumumab 得到「全人源、抗腫瘤」,trastuzumab 得到「人源化、抗腫瘤」,adalimumab 得到「全人源、作用於免疫系統」,單看字根就能刷掉錯誤選項。EGFR 標靶治療的重要延伸是生物標記篩選:KRAS 或 NRAS 有活化突變者,訊息在受體下游已自行啟動,阻斷上游受體無效,故使用前須檢測基因狀態,這是精準醫療的教科書範例。抗 EGFR 藥物的典型副作用是類痘瘡樣皮疹與低血鎂,源自皮膚與腎小管本身高表現 EGFR,屬「標靶在正常組織的分布決定副作用」的推理題材。同一標靶的小分子藥則走細胞內酪胺酸激酶抑制路線(gefitinib、erlotinib、osimertinib),可與抗體並列比較給藥途徑與抗藥機轉。",[25,28,30,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"單株抗體標靶",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"上皮生長因子受體 EGFR",{"term":15,"count":27},{"term":32,"count":27},"HER2 與 CD20 標靶",{"term":34,"count":27},"單株抗體命名規則",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-041","細菌對青黴素（penicillin）產生抗藥性，其最主要的機轉為何？",41,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-007","下列何者直接由升主動脈分支出？",7,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":27},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-021","副交感神經分泌何種神經傳導物質，會刺激淚腺大量分泌淚液？",21,107,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-059","下列 NSAIDs 藥物中，何者產生出血的機會最低？",59,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-023","治療憂鬱症主要針對下列何種神經傳導物質進行調節？",23,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-057","下列何者藥物具有強力止吐作用？",57,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017752]