[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-042":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-042","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-042",115,2,42,"下列有關抗體的敘述何者錯誤？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"抗原結合位（antigen-binding site）主要由抗體上一條輕鏈（light chain）與一條重鏈（heavy chain）構成","抗體 Fab 部分可用來區別五大類抗體的免疫反應功能（effector function）","一個抗原可能擁有多個表位（epitopes）能讓不同抗體辨識","抗原與抗體間的結合利用非共價力的交互作用","B",null,[],"本題考點是抗體的結構分區與各區負責的功能。抗體由兩條重鏈與兩條輕鏈組成,Fab 段包含輕鏈與重鏈的可變區,負責辨識並結合抗原;而區分 IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD、IgE 五大類並決定其免疫效應功能(補體活化、與 Fc 受體結合、經胎盤運輸等)的是 Fc 段的重鏈恆定區,選項 B 把功能歸給 Fab 段,故為錯誤敘述,選 B。選項 A 正確,抗原結合位由一條輕鏈與一條重鏈的可變區共同構成。選項 C 正確,同一抗原可帶多個表位供不同抗體辨識。選項 D 正確,抗原與抗體的結合力來自氫鍵、離子鍵、疏水作用與凡得瓦力等非共價交互作用。","抗體結構可拆成「辨識」與「執行」兩半:Fab 決定專一性(可變區的高變異區 CDR 直接接觸表位),Fc 決定後續要做什麼(哪一類重鏈恆定區就決定哪一套效應功能)。五類抗體的分工可整表記:IgG 血中含量最高、唯一可通過胎盤提供新生兒被動免疫、活化補體、參與二次免疫反應;IgM 為五聚體、初次免疫反應最早出現、活化補體能力最強、分子大不過胎盤,故新生兒血中檢出特異性 IgM 提示子宮內感染;IgA 以雙體形式分泌於黏膜與母乳,構成黏膜第一線防禦;IgE 結合肥大細胞與嗜鹼性球的 Fc 受體,媒介第一型過敏反應;IgD 主要作為成熟 B 細胞的膜受體。木瓜蛋白酶(papain)切出兩個 Fab 加一個 Fc、胃蛋白酶(pepsin)切出可雙價結合的 F(ab')2,是免疫學實驗題常考的區分。此外抗體專一性的來源是基因重組(V-D-J recombination)加體細胞超突變與類別轉換,類別轉換只換 Fc 而保留原有專一性,恰好呼應本題「結合位在 Fab、功能在 Fc」的核心。",[25,28,30,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"抗體結構",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"免疫球蛋白五大類",{"term":31,"count":32},"Fab 段抗原結合位",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"Fc 段重鏈恆定區",{"term":36,"count":32},"非共價鍵結合",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-043","下列有關病毒感染所引起的免疫防禦機制，何者錯誤？",43,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-009","用力吸氣增大胸腔容積時，與下列何者的收縮無關？",9,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":32},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-023","有關抗利尿激素（antidiuretic hormone, ADH）的敘述，下列何者正確？",23,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":32},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-061","血管緊縮素轉換酶抑制劑（angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEI）的降血壓作用機制，包括下列那一項？",61,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-025","下列何種激素的作用，最可能抑制個體生長？",25,109,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-059","抗高血壓藥物 Aliskiren 的藥理作用為何？",59,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017780]