[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":38,"lastmod":68},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-048","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-048",115,2,48,"有關於白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）之敘述，下列何者最不適當？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"屬於正常菌叢之一，因此有可能在健康成人身上發現","為最常造成真菌性腦膜炎之真菌致病菌","常見於口腔或陰道黏膜感染","常見呈現酵母菌形態，且可能可以觀察到萌芽管（germ tube）之結構","B",null,[],"本題考點是不同真菌病原對應的感染部位與代表疾病。造成真菌性腦膜炎最主要的病原是新型隱球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans),它具多醣莢膜、可經呼吸道吸入後血行播散至中樞神經系統,在細胞免疫低下者(尤其愛滋病患)引起亞急性腦膜炎;白色念珠菌雖可在免疫嚴重低下或導管相關菌血症時侵犯中樞,但並非真菌性腦膜炎最常見的致病菌,故選項 B 最不適當,選 B。選項 A 正確,白色念珠菌屬皮膚、口腔、腸道與陰道的正常菌叢,健康成人身上即可分離到。選項 C 正確,口腔念珠菌症與陰道念珠菌炎是最常見的臨床表現。選項 D 正確,呈酵母菌形態並可觀察到萌芽管,是其鑑定特徵之一。","念珠菌症的關鍵觀念是「伺機性」:它本來就住在人身上,致病的前提是宿主防禦或菌叢平衡被破壞,常見誘因包括廣效抗生素使用(殺掉競爭菌叢)、類固醇或免疫抑制劑、糖尿病血糖控制不良、長期留置導管、口乾與假牙、以及嬰兒與年長者的免疫狀態。實驗室鑑定可用兩個特徵題:血清中 37 度培養數小時形成萌芽管(germ tube)為白色念珠菌陽性;在特定培養基上形成厚壁孢子(chlamydospore)也是傳統鑑別依據;顯微鏡下同時看到酵母型與假菌絲提示組織侵犯。與隱球菌對照記:隱球菌檢查看墨汁染色的透亮莢膜暈環或乳膠凝集測莢膜抗原,腦脊髓液呈淋巴球為主的細胞增加、糖偏低、蛋白升高;念珠菌則多以黏膜白色斑塊、血液培養或組織切片診斷。治療上可再對照:念珠菌症用 fluconazole 或 echinocandin 類,隱球菌腦膜炎採 amphotericin B 加 flucytosine 誘導後接 fluconazole 維持。",[25,28,31,33,36],{"term":26,"count":27},"伺機性感染",7,{"term":29,"count":30},"白色念珠菌",4,{"term":32,"count":11},"萌芽管試驗",{"term":34,"count":35},"新型隱球菌腦膜炎",1,{"term":37,"count":35},"正常菌叢",[39,43,48,53,58,63],{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-049","下列那一肝炎病毒其遺傳物質為 RNA 且臺灣具有市售疫苗可以預防感染？",49,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-015","負責調節眼球晶狀體曲度的神經是：",15,106,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":35},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-029","一位 65 公斤重的人，其細胞內液（intracellular fluid）有多少公斤？",29,107,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":35},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-067","下列何者為革蘭氏陽性桿菌？",67,108,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-031","下列何者為刺激胃泌素（gastrin）分泌之直接且重要的因子？",31,109,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-065","有關真菌的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",65,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017879]