[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-049":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-049","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-049",115,2,49,"下列那一肝炎病毒其遺傳物質為 RNA 且臺灣具有市售疫苗可以預防感染？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"A 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis A virus）","B 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus）","C 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis C virus）","E 型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis E virus）","A",null,[],"本題考點是五種肝炎病毒的核酸類型與台灣疫苗供應現況的交集。A 型肝炎病毒屬 picornavirus 科,遺傳物質為單股 RNA,且台灣有市售且列入常規接種的不活化 A 型肝炎疫苗,兩個條件同時符合,故選 A。選項 B 的 B 型肝炎病毒屬 hepadnavirus 科,遺傳物質是部分雙股 DNA,雖然台灣自民國七十三年起即有全面新生兒疫苗接種,但核酸類型不符題目所要求的 RNA。選項 C 的 C 型肝炎病毒雖為 RNA 病毒,但至今無可用疫苗上市,只有抗病毒藥物可治療。選項 D 的 E 型肝炎病毒亦為 RNA 病毒,但其疫苗並未在台灣核准上市販售,不符題意。","五型肝炎病毒可用「傳染途徑」與「核酸」兩軸整理成表。糞口傳染:A 型與 E 型,急性為主、不會慢性化(E 型在免疫低下者與器官移植病人可例外),孕婦感染 E 型死亡率明顯升高。血液體液與性接觸傳染:B、C、D 型,均可慢性化並進展為肝硬化與肝細胞癌;D 型是缺陷病毒,必須依賴 B 型的表面抗原外殼才能組裝,故只在 B 型帶原者身上共同或重疊感染,並使病情加重。核酸類型只有 B 型是 DNA,其餘皆為 RNA,這一句話就是本題的解鎖點。疫苗現況:A 型與 B 型有疫苗(B 型疫苗同時保護 D 型,因為阻斷了它所需的外殼),C 型因基因高度變異且缺乏有效中和抗體標的而尚無疫苗。血清學判讀是延伸高頻考點:抗 HAV IgM 表示急性感染、IgG 表示既往感染或接種後免疫;HBsAg 表示帶原、anti-HBs 表示免疫、anti-HBc IgM 表示急性期、HBeAg 表示病毒複製活躍與高傳染力。",[25,28,30,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"A 型肝炎病毒",4,{"term":29,"count":11},"RNA 病毒",{"term":31,"count":32},"B 型肝炎病毒為 DNA 病毒",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"肝炎疫苗現況",{"term":36,"count":32},"糞口傳染途徑",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-050","細胞被病毒感染後，病毒複製但細胞未死亡，產生永生化（immortalization）的結果形成腫瘤細胞，最可能發生在下列何種病毒的感染？",50,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-016","下列何者屬於邊緣系統？",16,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":32},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-030","早產兒引起之呼吸困難是因那一種細胞發育不全所造成的？",30,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":32},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-068","下列何者最常引起新生兒的細菌性腦膜炎？",68,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-032","下列何者為胰臟內分泌細胞與胃壁的細胞皆可分泌的物質？",32,109,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-066","下列何種補體的成分，可以活化吞噬細胞？",66,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017885]