[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-050":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-115-2-基礎醫學-050","nurse-115-2-basic-medicine-050",115,2,50,"細胞被病毒感染後，病毒複製但細胞未死亡，產生永生化（immortalization）的結果形成腫瘤細胞，最可能發生在下列何種病毒的感染？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"麻疹病毒","B 型肝炎病毒","水痘−帶狀疱疹病毒","脊髓灰白質炎病毒","B",null,[],"本題考點是病毒與宿主細胞的三種互動結局,以及哪一類病毒具致癌轉形能力。病毒感染細胞後可呈溶細胞性感染、潛伏感染,或轉形感染;轉形感染的特徵正是病毒基因體嵌入宿主染色體、細胞不死而獲得永生化並失去生長控制。B 型肝炎病毒屬此類致癌病毒,其 DNA 可整合入肝細胞基因體,加上 HBx 蛋白干擾細胞週期調控與長期慢性發炎再生的壓力,使肝細胞癌風險大幅上升,故選 B。選項 A 的麻疹病毒與選項 D 的脊髓灰白質炎病毒都造成溶細胞性感染,細胞在複製後裂解死亡。選項 C 的水痘帶狀疱疹病毒特徵是潛伏於背根神經節後再活化成帶狀疱疹,並不使細胞永生化形成腫瘤。","人類致癌病毒可整組記,並對應其致癌機轉與癌別:B 型肝炎病毒(DNA,整合加慢性發炎,肝細胞癌)、C 型肝炎病毒(RNA,以慢性發炎與肝纖維化間接致癌,肝細胞癌)、人類乳突病毒高危型 16 與 18(E6 使 p53 降解、E7 使 Rb 失能,子宮頸癌、頭頸癌)、EB 病毒(Burkitt 淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、移植後淋巴增生疾病)、人類 T 細胞白血病病毒第一型(Tax 蛋白,成人 T 細胞白血病)、人類第八型疱疹病毒(卡波西氏肉瘤)。共通主題是兩條路:直接破壞腫瘤抑制基因或活化致癌基因,以及長期慢性發炎造成的反覆細胞再生與突變累積。與其他兩種結局對照才不會混淆:溶細胞性感染的臨床特徵是急性症狀明顯、組織立即受損(麻疹的呼吸道與皮膚病變、小兒麻痺的運動神經元破壞);潛伏感染的特徵是病毒基因保留但不大量表現,遇免疫下降再活化(單純疱疹病毒、水痘帶狀疱疹病毒、巨細胞病毒)。可連結複習:B 型肝炎疫苗普及與台灣兒童肝細胞癌發生率下降的關係,是疫苗防癌的實證範例。",[25,27,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":11},"潛伏感染",{"term":28,"count":29},"病毒轉形感染",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"細胞永生化",{"term":33,"count":29},"B 型肝炎病毒整合致癌",{"term":35,"count":29},"溶細胞性感染",[37,41,45,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":29,"year":40,"session":29},"nurse-106-1-basic-medicine-001","下列有關表皮的敘述，何者正確？",106,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":40,"session":11},"nurse-106-2-basic-medicine-017","鈉鉀幫浦（sodium-potassium pump）運送鈉鉀離子的作用方式屬於下列何者？",17,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":29},"nurse-107-1-basic-medicine-031","氧合解離曲線發生移動時會引起所謂波爾效應（Bohr effect），這在正常成人生理作用上有何重要意義？",31,107,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-069","披衣菌（Chlamydia spp.）有兩種型態，其中何者具感染力？",69,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-033","乳癌的病人，手術切除乳房後常引起同側手臂水腫，下列何者為最主要的致病機轉？",33,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-067","如果在出生後立即切除胸腺，主要會影響下列何種免疫反應？",67,110,"2026-08-06",1787299017890]