[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-022":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":25},"nurse-115-2-產兒科護理學-022","nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-022",115,2,22,"有關高危險妊娠婦女的相關診斷，下列何者胎兒先天性畸形的機率較高？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"妊娠前糖尿病","妊娠期高血壓","人類免疫缺乏病毒感染","心臟病","A",null,[],"本題考點是各種高危險妊娠診斷對胎兒的傷害「時機」與「型態」差異。依致畸機轉，妊娠前糖尿病在受孕當時血糖已偏高，正值胚胎器官形成的關鍵期（受孕後三至八週），高血糖與氧化壓力干擾細胞分化，使先天性畸形率上升，常見心臟大血管缺損、神經管缺陷與尾部退化症候群，故 A 最高。B 妊娠期高血壓於中後期才發生，主要造成胎盤灌流不足、胎兒生長受限與早產，非結構畸形。C 人類免疫缺乏病毒的主要風險是垂直感染。D 心臟病主要透過母體心輸出不足與缺氧影響胎兒生長。","關鍵區分在「暴露時間點」：致畸需在器官形成期暴露，因此孕前即存在的疾病（糖尿病、癲癇用藥、甲狀腺疾病）風險最高；而妊娠中後期才出現的疾病多表現為生長與胎盤功能問題。這也是孕前血糖控制與糖化血色素（HbA1c）評估被列為重要照護指標的理由。相對地，妊娠糖尿病多於中後期診斷，主要造成巨嬰、肩難產與新生兒低血糖，而非結構畸形，這組對比是常見的辨析陷阱。延伸可連結新生兒低血糖的發生機轉與監測時機。",[24,26,28,30],{"term":14,"count":25},1,{"term":27,"count":25},"器官形成期致畸原理",{"term":29,"count":25},"妊娠期高血壓與胎盤灌流",{"term":31,"count":25},"妊娠糖尿病併發症對比",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-023","有關我國目前「人工生殖法」之法規內涵，下列何者錯誤？",23,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":25},"nurse-106-1-maternal-pediatric-069","小樺，7 歲，最近因持續發燒、易流鼻血而求診，診斷疑似急性淋巴性白血病，下列那一項檢查結果可以確定其診斷？",69,106,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":25},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-003","計算預產期的方法，下列何者正確？",3,107,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":25},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-041","有關異物吸入造成兒童輕微支氣管阻塞的症狀描述，下列何者錯誤？",41,108,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-maternal-pediatric-005","一位孕前 BMI 為 23.1 kg\u002Fm 2 的單胞胎孕婦，有關其孕期體重之護理指導，下列何者最適當？",5,109,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-maternal-pediatric-039","下列何者最可能與原發性月經疼痛相關？",39,110,"2026-08-06",1787299007105]