[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"產兒科護理學","maternal-pediatric",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-產兒科護理學-032","nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-032",115,2,32,"依照艾瑞克森（Erikson）心理社會發展理論，那一個年齡層兒童會將住院或生病病因詮釋為對他的懲罰而產生罪惡感？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"幼兒期","學齡前期","學齡期","青少年期","B",null,[],"本題考點在於 Erikson 心理社會發展階段與兒童疾病認知的對應。學齡前期約三至六歲,發展危機為主動進取對罪惡感,加上此期思考帶有魔幻思考與泛靈觀,容易把住院、打針或生病解釋成自己做錯事而受到的懲罰,因而產生罪惡感,選 B。A 幼兒期危機為自主獨立對羞愧懷疑,主要壓力來自與父母分離及失去控制。C 學齡期危機為勤奮進取對自卑,較在意能力表現與身體完整性。D 青少年期危機為自我認同對角色混淆,關切外表與同儕接納。","延伸機轉:學齡前期屬 Piaget 前運思期,特徵是自我中心、因果推論不成熟與內在正義感,因此會把時間上接近的兩件事誤讀為因果,例如「我對弟弟生氣所以我生病了」;同期還有身體傷害恐懼,對侵入性處置與傷口特別焦慮。對應的護理設計是用具體、簡短、非隱喻的語言澄清生病不是懲罰,以治療性遊戲與娃娃示範處置,並在安全範圍內提供選擇以滿足主動進取的需求。避免使用「打一針就好」這類雙義詞,以免加深誤解。考點設計邏輯:四個階段都可能住院,但只有一個階段的核心情緒是罪惡感,把 Erikson 每階段的關鍵情緒詞背成一組即可秒解。可連結概念:Piaget 認知發展分期、兒童對死亡概念的年齡差異、治療性遊戲。",[24,27,29,31,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"魔幻思考",4,{"term":28,"count":10},"Erikson 心理社會發展階段",{"term":30,"count":10},"Piaget 前運思期",{"term":32,"count":33},"學齡前期主動進取對罪惡感",1,{"term":35,"count":33},"住院兒童心理反應",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-maternal-pediatric-033","評估嬰兒術後疼痛，下列量表何者最適宜？",33,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":33},"nurse-106-1-maternal-pediatric-079","張小弟，罹患腦性麻痺，有咀嚼及吞嚥困難問題，有關幫助其吞嚥的護理措施，下列敘述何者正確？",79,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":33},"nurse-107-1-maternal-pediatric-013","有關硬腦膜外減痛分娩的使用機轉與時間之敘述，下列何者正確？",13,107,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":33},"nurse-108-1-maternal-pediatric-051","10 歲的大華罹患癲癇（Epilepsy）以口服 phenobarbital（luminal）藥物治療，護理人員給予大華母親的護理指導，下列何者正確？",51,108,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-maternal-pediatric-015","下列何者為胎兒的先露部位和母親骨盆前後左右的關係？",15,109,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-maternal-pediatric-049","護理師為了讓 2～6 歲病童認為藥杯內藥物減少，將小藥杯改為較大底面積的藥杯，主要是運用兒童尚未發展何種認知概念？",49,110,"2026-08-06",1787299007211]