[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-內外科護理學-048","nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-048",115,2,48,"有關中毒症狀與處置之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"誤食鹽酸者不催吐，可以喝大量的水或牛奶來稀釋中和鹽酸濃度，以減少毒物吸收","一氧化碳中毒跟潛水夫病的緊急處理原則一樣，都需給與 100%氧氣及高壓氧治療","肉毒桿菌中毒與金黃色葡萄球菌中毒的發作時間都在食物食用後 4～6 小時發作","安非他命與鴉片類藥物都會有瞳孔縮小的症狀，可以使用 naloxone 作為解毒劑","B",null,[],"本題考點是常見中毒的機轉與處置原則。依高壓氧治療原理,一氧化碳與血色素的親和力遠高於氧氣並抑制細胞內氧化代謝,潛水夫病則因溶解氮氣快速釋出形成氣泡阻塞微血管,兩者都以 100% 氧氣加上高壓氧加速有害氣體排出並提高組織溶氧,故 B 正確。A 錯,強酸腐蝕性中毒不催吐固然正確,但不主張大量灌水或牛奶稀釋,以免產熱、引發嘔吐並加重食道與胃穿孔風險。C 錯,金黃色葡萄球菌毒素多在食用後一至六小時發作,肉毒桿菌則潛伏約十二至三十六小時才出現神經症狀。D 錯,鴉片類造成瞳孔縮小並以 naloxone 拮抗,安非他命屬中樞興奮劑,瞳孔放大。","延伸機轉:一氧化碳中毒的血氧飽和度監測會被高估,因為脈搏血氧儀無法區分氧合血色素與一氧化碳血色素,故不能以外觀紅潤或監測數值正常排除中毒,需靠病史與血中一氧化碳血色素濃度。瞳孔對照口訣:縮小想到鴉片類與有機磷,放大想到安非他命、古柯鹼與抗膽鹼藥物;有機磷另有流淚、流涎、腹瀉與支氣管分泌增多的膽鹼性徵象,解毒走 atropine 方向,與 naloxone 針對鴉片類受體完全不同。食物中毒發作時間也是常考鑑別:金黃色葡萄球菌與仙人掌桿菌屬預形成毒素故最快,沙門氏菌需增殖故多在半日以上,肉毒桿菌最慢卻最危險,以對稱性下行性麻痺與眼肌症狀為特徵。可連結概念:腐蝕性中毒禁催吐與禁洗胃原則、活性碳的適用限制。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"一氧化碳中毒與高壓氧治療",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"減壓症氮氣氣泡",{"term":30,"count":26},"腐蝕性中毒處置原則",{"term":32,"count":26},"食物中毒潛伏期比較",{"term":34,"count":26},"naloxone 拮抗鴉片類",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-medical-surgical-049","有關中心導管組合式照護之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",49,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-medical-surgical-015","有關腹水病人居家照護之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",15,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":26},"nurse-107-1-medical-surgical-029","有關鼻咽癌病人接受頭頸部放射線照射時之皮膚護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",29,107,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":26},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-067","有關甲狀腺機能低下病人的臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",67,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-031","有關心絞痛之常用藥物 Nitroglycerine（NTG）之護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",31,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-065","有關急迫性尿失禁的護理措施，下列何者最不適當？",65,110,"2026-08-06",1787299037380]