[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-009":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-009","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-009",115,2,9,"有關思覺失調症之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"通常好發年齡為 15～45 歲之間","症狀多以思考和知覺障礙為主","疾病症狀持續至少 6 個月以上","與多巴胺濃度過低有關","D",null,[],"本題考點為思覺失調症的基本病理與診斷概念,選出錯誤敘述。依多巴胺假說,思覺失調症的正性症狀(妄想、幻覺)與中腦邊緣系統多巴胺活性「過高」有關,並非多巴胺濃度過低,故D敘述錯誤,為本題答案;這也是抗精神病藥物以阻斷多巴胺D2接受器為主要機轉的原因。A正確,好發年齡約在15至45歲之間,以青少年晚期至成年早期為高峰。B正確,其症狀以思考障礙(妄想、思考鬆散)與知覺障礙(幻覺)為主。C正確,依DSM-5診斷準則,病症徵候須持續至少6個月,始能診斷為思覺失調症。","多巴胺假說的進階版是「路徑分區」:中腦邊緣路徑多巴胺過高→正性症狀(幻覺、妄想);中腦皮質路徑多巴胺過低→負性症狀(情感平淡、社交退縮)與認知缺損。這解釋了為何傳統抗精神病藥(全面阻斷D2)對正性症狀有效、對負性症狀效果差,且會因阻斷黑質紋狀體路徑產生錐體外症候群(EPS)、阻斷結節漏斗路徑造成泌乳激素上升。病程時間軸也常考:症狀持續1個月內為短暫精神病症;1至6個月為類思覺失調症;滿6個月才是思覺失調症。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"正性症狀",6,{"term":28,"count":29},"多巴胺假說",5,{"term":31,"count":32},"DSM-5診斷準則",4,{"term":34,"count":10},"思覺失調症病程",[36,40,46,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-010","下列有關憂鬱症病因之敘述何者正確？①病人最常使用的防禦機轉為內射 ②病人的本我弱，超我強 ③病人對自我有負向看法，這是屬於認知理論 ④當憂鬱情緒好轉時，自殺的意念就會消失",10,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":45},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-056","下列何項最能描述四大非傳染性疾病（癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病、慢性呼吸道疾病）的共同危險因素？",56,106,1,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-070","配合 0～7 歲兒童的疫苗接種時程，我國全民健康保險規劃補助幾次的兒童預防保健門診？",70,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-028","護理師對物質使用障礙症病人的態度是影響會談過程的重要因素，因此在協助病人的過程中，護理師應注意事項為何？①應協助病人了解及接納這是一種疾病，需接受治療才可恢復 ②這類病人不常合併道德與法律問題，但護理師仍需要自我評估對物質使用的態度 ③護理師應保持中立及不批評的態度 ④治療及復健的過程需長期不斷的努力才能成功，治療的第一步是禁止再使用",28,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-072","根據勞工健康保護規則，有關勞工健康檢查的敘述，下列何者正確？",72,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":45},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-026","有關評估假性失智症（pseudodementia）與失智症之臨床差異，下列何者正確？①假性失智症多半有比較清楚的發病時間 ②假性失智症常抱怨認知障礙 ③失智症行為與認知障礙的嚴重度吻合 ④失智症對問話老是回答「不知道」、「忘記了」",26,111,"2026-08-06",1787299016852]