[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-010":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-010","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-010",115,2,10,"下列有關憂鬱症病因之敘述何者正確？①病人最常使用的防禦機轉為內射 ②病人的本我弱，超我強 ③病人對自我有負向看法，這是屬於認知理論 ④當憂鬱情緒好轉時，自殺的意念就會消失",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"①②③","①②④","①③④","②③④","A",null,[],"本題考點為憂鬱症的病因理論。①正確,依精神分析理論,憂鬱是對失落客體的憤怒經內射(introjection)轉向自己所致,內射是憂鬱病人最常使用的防禦機轉。②正確,憂鬱病人超我過強、苛責自我,本我需求受壓抑,因而產生強烈罪惡感與自貶。③正確,依Beck認知理論的認知三角,病人對自我、世界與未來均持負向看法,對自我的負向看法即屬之。④錯誤,憂鬱情緒初步好轉時病人行動力恢復,反而是自殺危險性升高的時期,自殺意念並不會隨情緒好轉即消失,故選A(①②③)。","憂鬱症病因理論的對照整理:精神分析觀點=失落與內射,「對逝去客體的憤怒轉向自身」;認知觀點=Beck認知三角(負向看自己、世界、未來)與認知扭曲(過度類化、災難化);行為觀點=Seligman習得無助感;生物觀點=血清素、正腎上腺素等單胺類不足(此處才是「過低」,勿與思覺失調症的多巴胺過高混淆)。④的陷阱是自殺防治的重要臨床事實:重鬱最深時病人常無力執行自殺,當藥效初現、精神運動性遲滯先改善而憂鬱情緒未全退時,執行力回來了,反而是自殺高風險窗口,照護警覺須提高而非放鬆。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"自殺危險評估",6,{"term":28,"count":29},"內射",3,{"term":31,"count":32},"精神分析理論",1,{"term":34,"count":32},"Beck認知三角",[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-011","張先生是一位思覺失調症病人，住院期間常摀著耳朵自言自語說：「有人一直在罵我，叫我去死！」護理師發現他因此情緒顯得很焦慮。下列護理師的處置，何者最適當？",11,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":32},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-057","Green 等人於 1980 年提出之 PRECEDE（Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation）模式中，「流行病學診斷」的主要目的是：",57,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-071","某生參加大隊接力後，突冒冷汗、手發抖，護理師接獲通知，前往現場處理時，應該攜帶下列那些設備至現場？①冰敷袋 ②血壓計 ③彈性繃帶 ④血糖機 ⑤葡萄糖片",71,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-029","人格違常障礙症中之主要特徵為完美主義，重視細節，固執而缺乏彈性者，為下列何種人格障礙症？",29,108,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-073","有關「長期照顧十年計畫 2.0」對於原住民在長照政策推動的困境原因，下列何者最不適當？",73,109,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":32},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-027","有關海洛因中毒症狀的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",27,111,"2026-08-06",1787299016863]