[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-017":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-017","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-017",115,2,17,"有關酒精戒斷症狀的陳述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"會出現交感神經興奮的症狀","增加 GABA 的抑制功能為戒斷症狀產生的機轉之一","可能會出現震顫性譫妄（delirium tremens）","戒斷症狀可給予 benzodiazepine（BZD）藥物治療","B",null,[],"本題考點為酒精戒斷的機轉與處置,選出錯誤敘述。酒精為中樞神經抑制劑,長期飲酒會增強GABA的抑制作用並抑制興奮性glutamate系統,腦部為代償而下調GABA功能、上調glutamate功能;驟然停酒時GABA抑制功能「不足」、興奮性神經傳導反彈亢進,才產生戒斷症狀。故B所述「增加GABA的抑制功能」與機轉恰好相反,為錯誤敘述,是本題答案。A正確,戒斷會出現心搏過速、血壓上升、出汗、震顫等交感神經興奮症狀。C正確,嚴重者於停酒後約48至72小時可出現震顫性譫妄。D正確,benzodiazepine與酒精同樣作用於GABA-A受體,可交叉替代酒精、漸進減量,為戒斷治療首選。","酒精戒斷的時間軸值得整段記下:停酒後6–12小時出現早期戒斷(手抖、出汗、焦慮、失眠);12–24小時可有酒精性幻覺(意識清楚下的幻視幻聽);12–48小時可能戒斷性癲癇發作;48–72小時進入震顫性譫妄(DTs)高峰——意識混亂、鮮明幻視、自主神經風暴,屬內科急症,死亡率可觀。BZD治療的邏輯是「同受體替代、可控減量」:以長效BZD(如diazepam)壓住戒斷,再階梯式減量讓受體慢慢適應。另須補充thiamine(維生素B1)預防Wernicke腦病變,且應在給糖之前補充,此為配套考點。",[24,27,29,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"震顫性譫妄",3,{"term":28,"count":26},"benzodiazepine",{"term":30,"count":31},"GABA-A受體",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"酒精戒斷機轉",{"term":35,"count":31},"神經適應",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-018","有關厭食症（anorexia nervosa）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",18,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":31},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-064","下列那些家庭護理措施屬於第一段預防的措施？①指導老人接受流感預防注射 ②清除居家易積水容器 ③鼓勵中年婦女接受乳房攝影檢查 ④指導中風病人做復健",64,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-078","教導糖尿病個案如何使用鏡子來觀察腳底皮膚狀況，讓個案可以回去自行觀察，下列何種教學方法最適合？",78,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-036","有關多元與安全醫療照護環境的敘述，下列何者正確？",36,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-080","張老太太是中度失智症個案，近日家屬對個案常尿濕褲子而困擾，有關社區護理師的護理指導，下列何者最適當？",80,109,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":31},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-034","5 歲的小欣被愛上網咖的父母親獨自留在家裡 3 天了，被發現時只有桌上放一瓶水和一些零食。較屬於下列何項家庭暴力？",34,111,"2026-08-06",1787299016935]