[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-019":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":64},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-019","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-019",115,2,19,"小新，診斷自閉症類群障礙，從小就喜歡一個人自己玩，不理人，不太喜歡別人碰觸，不看人，有幾次過馬路當媽媽要帶小新快速通過斑馬線時，小新會尖叫，掙開媽媽，如果出門回家走不同路線，小新也會大吵大鬧，去公園遊樂場最喜歡坐在鞦韆上自我旋轉將鞦韆鍊條扭緊再放開。下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"避免帶小新出門以改善行為問題","安排感覺統合治療，處理小新感官過度反應的行為問題","疾病主要是嬰兒時期依附關係發展障礙所致","當他情緒不受控制時，立即把他抱緊，直到安靜為止","B",null,[],"本題考點為自閉症類群障礙的病因觀與感覺處理問題的處置。小新不喜歡他人碰觸(觸覺防禦)、快速通過斑馬線時尖叫、堅持固定路線,並以旋轉鞦韆尋求前庭刺激,顯示感覺調節異常合併同一性堅持;安排感覺統合治療以處理其感官過度反應與感覺尋求行為,是合宜的介入方向,故B正確。A錯在避免出門是剝奪學習與適應機會,無法改善行為,介入應採結構化與漸進策略。C錯在自閉症類群障礙屬神經發展障礙,與遺傳及腦部發展有關,早年歸因於嬰兒期依附關係(冰箱母親)的病因說已被推翻。D錯在對觸覺敏感的個案強行抱緊,反而升高其激動與失控。","ASD的感覺處理異常在DSM-5已納入「侷限重複行為」準則項下:對感覺輸入過高或過低反應、或對感覺刺激的異常興趣(如凝視旋轉物、自我旋轉尋求前庭覺)。題幹的行為線索各有對應:不喜碰觸=觸覺過度反應;過馬路被拉著快走時尖叫=突然的前庭與觸覺輸入超載;固定路線=同一性堅持(insistence on sameness);轉鞦韆=前庭覺尋求。感覺統合治療由職能治療師執行,透過有計畫的感覺輸入活動改善調節。病因觀的演變是常考陷阱:1950年代「冰箱母親」歸咎教養,現已確立為多基因遺傳與神經發展因素,考題凡把ASD歸因於教養或依附者皆錯。",[24,27,29,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"神經發展障礙",3,{"term":28,"count":10},"感覺統合治療",{"term":30,"count":31},"自閉症類群障礙",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"感覺調節異常",{"term":35,"count":31},"同一性堅持",[37,41,46,50,55,59],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-020","有關自閉症類群障礙症（autism spectrum disorder, ASD）敘述，下列何者最不適當？",20,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":31},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-066","臺灣地區新移民婦女在自我健康管理上的弱勢，主要與下列何者有關？",66,106,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-080","在關懷據點開設健康瑜珈班，過程中除了需考慮參加的民眾，還可能需要協調開班時間與地點等問題。以上若依據比提（Beattie）的健康促進模式，過程中較適合使用何種策略？",80,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-038","有關自殺危險因子之說明，下列敘述何者正確？①自殺危險因子廣布於生物、心理、社會、經濟、文化層面，絕非單一因素 ②自殺危險因子具有快速變動與不易測度的特質，故此自殺防範應單一統由專責人員負責 ③自殺的危險遠端因子中包括精神科疾病、致命工具的可近性 ④社會心理因素會與自殺相關，如重大失落事件",38,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":10,"year":58,"session":31},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-002","當病人服用下列何種藥物時，護理師需教導病人有關體重增加之副作用？",110,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":31},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-036","照顧精神護理之家的失智症住民，下列何項護理措施最適當？",36,111,"2026-08-06",1787299016968]