[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-030","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-030",115,2,30,"不同廠牌的 COVID-19 快篩試劑的品質檢測中，A 廠牌檢測的敏感度為 99%，特異性為 90%；B 廠牌的敏感度為 90%，特異性為 96%。下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"A 廠牌可正確檢驗 COVID-19 病毒感染個案較 B 廠牌多","A 廠牌可正確檢驗 COVID-19 病毒感染個案較 B 廠牌少","B 廠牌可正確檢驗無罹患 COVID-19 病毒感染個案較 A 廠牌少","需要知道 COVID-19 病毒感染的盛行率，才能推估那個廠牌可檢驗出較多的陽性個案","A",null,[],"本題考點在於敏感度與特異性的定義與判讀。敏感度指有病者被正確檢出為陽性的比例,特異性指無病者被正確判為陰性的比例。A 廠牌敏感度 99% 高於 B 廠牌的 90%,代表在同一群感染者中,A 廠牌能正確檢出的感染個案較多,故 A 正確。B 的敘述與敏感度大小關係相反,故錯。C 錯在特異性 B 廠牌 96% 高於 A 廠牌 90%,B 能正確判定未感染者的能力較強,不是較少。D 錯在敏感度與特異性是試劑本身的固有特性,不隨盛行率變動;受盛行率影響的是陽性與陰性預測值。","四格表是拆解這類題的最快工具:敏感度=真陽性\u002F(真陽性+偽陰性),看的是有病者這一欄;特異性=真陰性\u002F(真陰性+偽陽性),看的是無病者那一欄。口訣可記成「敏感抓病人、特異放好人」,高敏感度適合篩檢以減少漏診,高特異性適合確診以減少誤標。預測值則是橫向讀表,分母混入了盛行率:盛行率愈低,即使特異性不錯,陽性預測值仍會明顯下降,這正是 COVID-19 疫情初期無症狀者快篩偽陽性偏多的原因。可延伸複習概念:偽陽性率=1−特異性、偽陰性率=1−敏感度、ROC 曲線與截斷值移動時敏感度與特異性的消長關係,以及篩檢工具的信度(重複測量一致)與效度(敏感度、特異性)之區別。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"盛行率",5,{"term":28,"count":29},"敏感度",3,{"term":31,"count":29},"陽性預測值",{"term":33,"count":10},"特異性",{"term":35,"count":36},"篩檢工具效度",1,[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-031","根據華倫（Warren）的社區功能理論，下列何者為「社會控制」功能？",31,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":36},"nurse-106-1-psychiatric-community-077","造成代謝症候群最主要的因素為：",77,106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":36},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-011","護理師提供病人以任務為導向的「認知行為治療」，針對「認知行為治療」之相關陳述，下列何項正確？①著重於處理此時此刻的問題 ②強調兒童早期發展階段的問題 ③協助克服日常生活中適應不良的困難 ④引導病人調整想法和行為",11,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-049","空氣品質指標（AQI）所參照之污染物濃度，不包括下列何者？",49,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":36},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-013","王先生，在家因覺得有人要害他、跟蹤他而不敢睡覺，故由父親帶來住院，住院後仍覺得周遭的人不懷好意，護理師提供之照護措施，下列何者正確？①同理並接受病人感受 ②主動積極接觸關懷病人 ③評估妄想對病人生活干擾的程度 ④不要與病人爭辯妄想的真實性",13,110,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":36},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-047","針對 200 位民眾進行慢性腎臟病篩檢，發現原本有 40 位慢性腎臟病患者經篩檢後 20 位呈陽性，而原本 160 位健康者經篩檢後有 140 位呈陰性，此次篩檢工具的敏感性（sensitivity）為何？",47,111,"2026-08-06",1787299017060]