[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":38,"lastmod":67},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-034","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-034",115,2,34,"陳小姐想要簽署預立醫療決定書（advance decision, AD），但是考量諮商費用以及時間成本而遲遲沒有採取行動。依據健康信念模式（Health Belief Model），其最主要受下列那一個因子影響？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"疾病嚴重性認知","疾病易感性認知","疾病威脅性認知","行為障礙認知","D",null,[],"本題考點在於健康信念模式各構面的辨識。行為障礙認知(自覺行動障礙)指個體預期採取健康行為時要付出的代價,包含費用、時間、交通、麻煩與心理不適;題中陳小姐已有簽署預立醫療決定的意願,卻因諮商費用與時間成本而遲未行動,阻力來自成本評估,故選 D。A 疾病嚴重性認知指主觀認為罹病後果有多嚴重。B 疾病易感性認知指自認罹病機會有多高。C 疾病威脅性認知是嚴重性與易感性合成的整體威脅感受,三者描述的都是對疾病本身的評估,與費用、時間這類外在阻力無關。","健康信念模式(Health Belief Model)的核心是一組成本效益衡量:自覺易感性與自覺嚴重性相加形成疾病威脅感,再與自覺行動利益減去自覺行動障礙的淨值相比,加上行動線索(cue to action)與自我效能,共同決定行為是否發生。實證上自覺障礙是預測力最強的單一構面,因此衛教設計常直接針對障礙下手,例如提供免費或補助的諮商時段、延長服務時間、簡化流程,而不是一味強調疾病可怕。行動線索則包括家人罹病、媒體宣導與醫護人員提醒。可延伸對比的理論:計畫行為理論以知覺行為控制對應障礙;跨理論模式(TTM)以決策平衡(decisional balance)描述利益與障礙的拉鋸,並把此情境歸在意圖期或準備期。預立醫療決定屬病人自主權利法的預立醫療照護諮商制度,是近年常見的命題素材。",[24,27,30,33,35],{"term":25,"count":26},"健康信念模式",11,{"term":28,"count":29},"自覺嚴重性",5,{"term":31,"count":32},"自覺行動障礙",4,{"term":34,"count":32},"行動線索",{"term":36,"count":37},"自覺易感性",1,[39,43,47,52,57,62],{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-035","有關菸害防制的敘述，下列何者最不適當？",35,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":37,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-001","關於精神病人轉日間住院，對病人的幫助，下列何者正確？",106,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":37},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-015","劉先生，20 歲，因車禍頭部外傷而送入加護病房，出現躁動不安、胡言亂語、高聲喊叫，並有自行拔管情形。依據劉先生所呈現的症狀情形，最可能是下列那項病症？",15,107,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-053","對於青少女懷孕，下列何者屬三段五級的第三級預防之措施？",53,108,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":37},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-017","鬱症發作（depressive episode）的典型臨床特徵，下列何者較適當？",17,110,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":37},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-051","下列何種評價是在計畫執行完成後，用以衡量該計畫的價值？",51,111,"2026-08-06",1787299017133]