[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":25},"nurse-115-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-038","nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-038",115,2,38,"未充分殺菌的醃漬食品及真空包裝所導致的食物中毒，下列何者是最可能的病原體？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"沙門氏菌","肉毒桿菌","腸炎弧菌","葡萄球菌","B",null,[],"本題考點在於依食品特性推論致病菌。肉毒桿菌(Clostridium botulinum)為厭氧性產孢革蘭氏陽性桿菌,芽孢耐熱,在低酸、低氧的醃漬食品、真空包裝或自製罐頭中若殺菌不足即可萌發並產生肉毒毒素,故選 B。A 沙門氏菌屬兼性厭氧,典型污染源為蛋、禽肉與乳製品,並非真空包裝食品的代表菌。C 腸炎弧菌是嗜鹽性菌,與生食或處理不當的海鮮有關。D 金黃色葡萄球菌經人手傷口或化膿病灶污染即食食品,產生耐熱腸毒素,常見於飯糰、糕點與便當,潛伏期短、以嘔吐為主。","食品中毒題的解法是抓「厭氧、真空、醃漬、自製罐頭」四個關鍵字直指肉毒桿菌。其毒素屬神經毒,機轉是阻斷運動神經末梢突觸前膜的乙醯膽鹼釋放,造成對稱性下行性麻痺:先出現視力模糊、眼瞼下垂、瞳孔擴大、吞嚥與說話困難,再往四肢與呼吸肌延伸,嚴重時呼吸衰竭,病人意識清醒且無發燒,可與細菌侵入型腸胃炎明顯區隔。嬰兒肉毒中毒與蜂蜜有關,故未滿一歲不宜餵食蜂蜜。其他常考對照:仙人掌桿菌與炒飯、麵食置於室溫過久有關;腸炎弧菌與海產有關;病原性大腸桿菌與糞口污染的飲水食物有關;諾羅病毒與生蠔及人際傳播有關。毒素型(葡萄球菌、肉毒桿菌、仙人掌桿菌嘔吐型)潛伏期短且加熱難完全破壞毒素,感染型則潛伏期較長並常伴發燒。",[24,26,29,31,33],{"term":15,"count":25},3,{"term":27,"count":28},"厭氧環境與芽孢",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"肉毒毒素神經毒機轉",{"term":32,"count":28},"食品中毒病原體鑑別",{"term":34,"count":28},"腸炎弧菌嗜鹽性",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-115-2-psychiatric-community-039","會影響所有族群健康的空氣品質指標（AQI）其數值範圍，下列何者正確？",39,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":10},"nurse-106-2-psychiatric-community-005","治療者詢問團體中其他成員：「大家是否有類似的感受或經驗？」請問治療者的用意為何？",5,106,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":28},"nurse-107-1-psychiatric-community-019","陳先生，48 歲，診斷思覺失調症，入院第 4 天，表示自己是孫悟空齊天大聖，具有七十二變的能力，活動量大，時有膜拜行為，表示看到觀世音菩薩降臨，偶有做出打鬥行為，表示要與邪魔鬥法，無法安靜用餐，進食量差，必須提醒下才可完成自我照顧，下列那一項護理措施最適切？",19,107,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-057","成人空腹 8 小時以上，血清三酸甘油酯高於多少，即屬於高血脂？",57,108,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":28},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-021","有關創傷後壓力症（post-traumatic stress disorder; PTSD）病人的治療處置，下列何者較適當？",21,110,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":28},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-055","衛生福利部國民健康署透過各類媒體進行大腸癌防治宣導，鼓勵民眾定期做大腸癌篩檢，是屬於下列何種衛生教育方法？",55,111,"2026-08-06",1787299017183]